ONLINE PAPER PUBLISHING - Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025
All listed papers are published after full consent of respective author or co-author(s).
For any discussion on research subject or research matter, the reader should directly contact the undersigned authors.
ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION COSTS ON SOYABEAN PRODUCTIONAMONG RURAL FARMERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: SOOM, A., UDOH, E.D. SALEH, P.
Abstracts: The study analyzed effects of transportation costs on soybean production among rural farmers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 100 respondents for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting model and multiple regression analysis. The results of the socioeconomic characteristics of soybean farmers showed that majority (59%) of the respondents were males. Majority (83%) of the respondents were married and 88% largely literate and most (53%) of the respondents had household size of 6-10 members. The result of causes of transportation costs variation revealed that, increasing cost of fuel (14%) was the leading cause of variation in transportation cost variation in the study area. The costs and returns analysis showed that soybean farmers earned an average gross return per hectare was ₦1,540,000. The total variable costs per hectare was ₦571,500, fixed costs per hectare was ₦60,000. The total cost of producing soybean in the study area per hectare was ₦ 631,500. The net farm income and gross margin per hectare were ₦ 908,500 and ₦ 968,500, respectively. The return on investment showed that for each Naira invested, there was a 144 percent rate of return, indicating that for every ₦1 invested in the soybean production, will bring ₦1.44k. The result of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that distance to the market, prices of seeds and prices of pesticides/herbicides were also significant at (P≤0.10), while fuel prices (P≤0.01) and hired labour were significant (P≤0.05) . The study concluded that increasing cost of fuel was the major cause of variation in transportation costs variations in the study area. It was recommended that government should ensure adequate maintenance of the existing roads as this will reduce the cost of transportation. Also, government should subsidize fuel in order to reduce transport cost and variable costs of production leading to improved soybean production and farm income.
Pages: 01-14
Cite this Article: SOOM, A., UDOH, E.D. SALEH, P. , "ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION COSTS ON SOYABEAN PRODUCTIONAMONG RURAL FARMERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 01-14 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT ON WOMEN IN KWANDE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OFBENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: GANKI, M. F., MBAH, E. N. ANONGUKU, I.
Abstracts: This study assessed effects of internal displacement on women in Kwande Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Data were collected through structured questionnaire from 247 respondents and analyzed using frequency, percentages, means, standard deviation and chi-square. Findings revealed that majority (72%) of the respondents were aged 18–35, years with a large proportion being single mothers (45%), widows (20%), or divorced/separated (15%). Only 10% were married or living with partners. Majority (60%) had formal education, with 40% completing secondary school and 20% reaching tertiary level. Economically, 65% were low-income, relying on humanitarian aid. Access to healthcare was limited. While reproductive health services were moderately accessible, maternal care was severely lacking, with only 4.8% reporting adequate access. Basic healthcare services were moderately available, but affordability and reach remained issues. A critical shortage of trained medical personnel (2.43) further weakened healthcare delivery in internally displaced persons’ camps. Psychosocial challenges were significant. The cluster mean for these issues was 2.85, with major concerns including lack of social support, social exclusion, low self-esteem, and emotional distress. Gender-based violence and inadequate access to counseling intensified these issues. The study concluded that displaced women faced multidimensional hardships impacting their economic stability, healthcare access, and mental well-being. The study recommended that the Benue State Government, in collaboration with agencies like the National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), Ministry of Women Affairs, UN Women, and NGOs, should initiate socio-economic support programs. These should provide adult literacy, start-up capital for small businesses, and vocational training, especially for single mothers and widows.
Pages: 15-35
Cite this Article: GANKI, M. F., MBAH, E. N. ANONGUKU, I. , "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT ON WOMEN IN KWANDE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OFBENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 15-35 #JAEES
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION RISK AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AMONG MAIZE FARMERS IN FUFORE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: AHMED, M.A LUQMAN, M.M.
Abstracts: The study gathered primary data from 256 randomly selected maize farmers in the 2024 farming season with the aid of structured questionnaire. The trans-log stochastic frontier production function was employed to analyse the data. Estimates of the stochastic frontier production function indicated that the coefficients for seeds, fertiliser, agrochemicals, and labour were significant and positively correlated with maize output. The input variables jointly influenced maize output at decreasing returns to scale. The technical efficiency indices varied between 0.24 and 0.96, with a mean of 0.82. This indicates that the maize farmers in the study area demonstrated technical efficiency in their production systems, albeit operating below the frontier output. The study indicated that seeds and fertiliser worked as risk-reducing inputs, whereas agrochemicals and labour were identified as risk-increasing inputs. The inefficiency model indicated that farmers' technical efficiency improved with age, farming experience, education, extension contact, and land cultivation techniques. The study concludes that farmers demonstrated technical efficiency, albeit below the frontier, and that there exists risk associated with the inputs utilised by the farmers. The study recommends that young individuals with experience should be encouraged to engage in maize farming in the study area. and that farmers should optimise the use of agrochemicals and labour to stabilise output variation. Besides, the government should promote extension services and training of maize farmers.
Pages: 36-53
Cite this Article: AHMED, M.A LUQMAN, M.M. , "ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION RISK AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AMONG MAIZE FARMERS IN FUFORE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 36-53 #JAEES
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING USAGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG SMALL HOLDER CASSAVA FARMERS IN BENUE AND NASARAWA STATES, NIGERIA
Authors: ADANU, D. O., ODIAKA, E. C., MBAH, E. N. KUGHUR, P. G.
Abstracts: The study analysed factors influencing usage of information and communication technologies among smallholder cassava farmers in Benue and Nasarawa States, Nigeria. All registered cassava farmers in Benue and Nasarawa States formed the population of the study. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire administered through interview. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings showed that majority (63.08%) of the respondents were male, 48.16% were between the ages of 31 - 40 years,70.97 % were married, 38.35 % had formal education, 47.31 % of the respondents had household size of between 1- 5 persons, about 37 % were farmers. The findings further revealed that 94.0 % of the respondents used mobile phones, 64.16% used radio. Results of factor analysis indicated that the factors that influenced usage of information and communication technologies among the respondents were socio-economic factors such as sex (63.08%), age (48.16%), education (38.35%), household size (47.31%), farming experience (32.26%), annual income (40.14%), farm size (86.38%), farming experience (32.26%), marital status (70.97%) and major occupation (36.86%). Administrative factors such as electricity outage and search of business-related information and infrastructural cum technical factors such as poor network coverage, skills on internet operation, poor internet connection, network interruption and information and communication technology facilities were highlighted. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that the respondents were educated enough to use information and communication technologies. Information and communication technologies mostly used were mobile phone and radio. The respondents made profit by selling their products using marketing information, thereby leading to increase in income and improvement in their standard of living among others. It is recommended that farmers be trained to enhance their technical knowledge. Information and communication technology devices should be subsidized for farmers and they should be trained on how to use them.
Pages: 54-68
Cite this Article: ADANU, D. O., ODIAKA, E. C., MBAH, E. N. KUGHUR, P. G. , "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING USAGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG SMALL HOLDER CASSAVA FARMERS IN BENUE AND NASARAWA STATES, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 54-68 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF EXTENT OF USAGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG SMALLHOLDER CASSAVA FARMERS IN BENUE AND NASARAWA STATES, NIGERIA
Authors: ADANU, D. O., KUGHUR, P. G. ODIAKA, E. C.
Abstracts: The study assessed extent of usage of information and communication technologies among smallholder cassava farmers in Benue and Nasarawa States, Nigeria. All registered farmers were the respondents. Questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample size of 279 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that in Benue State mobile phone had a mean of (x= 4.55), while Nasarawa State had (x=3.71). Pooled result indicated that mobile phone had a mean of (x=4.13). The extent of usage of mobile phone was highest among other information and communication technologies. The result on effects of usage of information and communication technologies shows that all the variables across the States had mean above 2.50. The mean results indicated that the effects of usage of information and communication technologies were total flow of information, access to new technology, reduced activities of middle men, better service delivery, increase in crop production, increased market opportunities, increase in income and improved standard of living among others. It is therefore recommended that information and communication technology devices should be subsidized for farmers and they should be trained on how to use them in order to motivate them. Loans should be given to farmers to enable them buy information and technology tools and meet other farm expenses and all the necessary infrastructure should be provided to enable farmers access and use information and communication technologies.
Pages: 69-77
Cite this Article: ADANU, D. O., KUGHUR, P. G. ODIAKA, E. C. , "ASSESSMENT OF EXTENT OF USAGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG SMALLHOLDER CASSAVA FARMERS IN BENUE AND NASARAWA STATES, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 69-77 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF FLOOD DISASTERS ON VULNERABLE GROUPS IN SELECTED FLOOD-PRONE COMMUNITIES IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ONAH, E. T., OGAH, O. M. IORLAMEN, T. R.
Abstracts: This study assessed effects of flood disaster on selected in flood-prone communities of Makurdi, L.G.A, Benue State. Data were obtained from 300 respondents drawn from vulnerable groups in five flood-prone wards of Makurdi using a structured questionnaire, and analysed with descriptive statistics in SPSS. Findings showed that most (47.2%) of the respondents were low-income earners, with large (55.7%) household sizes and varying levels of education, conditions that heighthed their vulnerability to flood disasters. Women (25.7%), the elderly (21.3%), unemployed persons (15%), and other disadvantaged groups (37.3%) were most affected. The impacts of flooding were multidimensional, including property destruction (95.7%), health risks (91.3%), livelihood and job losses (80.7% and 97.0%), displacement (61.7%), and increased financial burdens (97.0%). These effects deepen poverty and social vulnerability, making recovery difficult for affected households. Coping strategies such as temporary relocation (81.7%), public education on flood management (96.3%), and other adaptive measures were commonly adopted, yet these interventions remained largely inadequate in addressing the scale of the problem. The respondents strongly emphasized the need for improved drainage systems, public sensitization, safe relocation centers, and stronger institutional coordination to enhance community resilience. The study concludes that flooding in Makurdi disproportionately affects vulnerable groups due to their socio-economic conditions, severe exposure to flood impacts, and limited coping capacity. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that integrates infrastructure development, social protection, and community-based disaster risk reduction. The study recommends a comprehensive approach that combines social protection for vulnerable households, improved drainage infrastructure, strict land-use regulation, sustained community sensitization, provision of safe relocation centers, and stronger institutional coordination to enhance flood resilience.
Pages: 78-88
Cite this Article: ONAH, E. T., OGAH, O. M. IORLAMEN, T. R. , "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF FLOOD DISASTERS ON VULNERABLE GROUPS IN SELECTED FLOOD-PRONE COMMUNITIES IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 78-88 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF MENSTRUAL MOOD SWING, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND MARITAL SATISFACTION AMONG WOMEN IN USHONGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: AGE, T.O., IORWUESE, P.A., TORBUNDE, C.M. THOMAS, S.A.
Abstracts: This study assessed menstrual mood swing, personality traits, and marital satisfaction among women in Ushongo Local Government Area, Benue State. A total of 238 female participants, participated in the study. Data were collected using the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ), Big Five Personality Inventory, Marital Taxon Self-Report Measure, and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Statistical tools used included Simple Linear Regression, Multiple Regression, and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Findings revealed that menstrual mood swing had no significant effect (P<0.05) on marital satisfaction. However, personality traits, particularly openness to experience and agreeableness significantly influenced (P>0.05) marital satisfaction. Furthermore, when age and length of marriage were controlled, a strong joint influence of personality traits and menstrual mood swings on marital satisfaction was observed. The study recommends that clinical psychologists and health workers in Ushongo Local Government Area should promote interventions that enhance women's well-being, focusing on personality assessment, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) management, and marital counseling to strengthen marital satisfaction.
Pages: 89-96
Cite this Article: AGE, T.O., IORWUESE, P.A., TORBUNDE, C.M. THOMAS, S.A. , "ASSESSMENT OF MENSTRUAL MOOD SWING, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND MARITAL SATISFACTION AMONG WOMEN IN USHONGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 89-96 #JAEES
ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE OF CHILD LABOUR IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA: INSIGHTS FROM SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANISATIONS
Authors: HON, S. T., ANI-UGODU, D. P. MBAH, E.N.
Abstracts: This study analysed prevalence of child labour in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria, using data obtained from social welfare organisations. A descriptive survey design was employed, collecting data from 69 staff members across six social welfare organisations through a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-tests, ANOVA). Findings reveal a high prevalence of child labour (X̄ =3.28, SD=0.64, p=0.000), primarily driven by economic hardship, weak enforcement of child protection laws, and large family sizes. The study highlights the critical role of social welfare organisations in identifying and addressing this issue, though their efforts are constrained by limited funding and inadequate government support. Recommendations include increased funding, stronger legal enforcement, and community-based interventions to reduce child labour prevalence.
Pages: 97-106
Cite this Article: HON, S. T., ANI-UGODU, D. P. MBAH, E.N. , "ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE OF CHILD LABOUR IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA: INSIGHTS FROM SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANISATIONS", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 97-106 #JAEES
ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY AMONG SOYBEAN MARKETERS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ABDULLAHI, A. S. OKPACHU, O. G.
Abstracts: The study analysed determinants of marketing efficiency among soybean marketers in Niger State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique as used to select 388 soybean marketers categorized into producer marketers, marketer retailers and marketer wholesalers. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents revealed the mean ages of 42, 43 and 47 years for producer marketers, marketer retailers, and marketer wholesalers, respectively. The majority were married amongst the producer marketers (89.31%), marketer retailers (89.92%) and the marketer wholesalers (97.7%), with a mean household size of 12 members per household for the producer marketers and marketer wholesalers, respectively and 11 persons per household for the marketer retailers. The categories of marketers were literate, with cumulatively, producer marketers (69.4%), marketer retailers (57.54%) and marketer wholesaler (76.38%), at least attended one form of western education or the other. The result of the multiple linear regression revealed that age (p<0.01), market experience (p<0.01), market distance (p<0.01) and transport cost (p<0.05) positively and significantly influenced marketing efficiency. The study concluded that soybean marketing was efficient in the study area. The study recommended that an integrated agricultural marketing information database for all the soybean value chain actors should be generated and stored by the government, including, information wallet on soybean marketing and production, which links input suppliers, farmers, processors, exporters and consumers to enhance the marketing efficiency of soybean produce in the study area.
Pages: 107-121
Cite this Article: ABDULLAHI, A. S. OKPACHU, O. G. , "ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY AMONG SOYBEAN MARKETERS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 107-121 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE PANDEMIC ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS' LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: OKPACHU, O. G; ABU, G. A; ASOGWA, B. C. WEYE, E. A.
Abstracts: The study assessed perceived effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on smallholder farmers' livelihood strategies in South-Western Nigeria. A purposive multistage sampling technique was used to select 360 smallholder farmers for the study. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The study revealed that smallholder farmers predominantly engaged in crop production (71.67%), rentage of productive assets (64.66%), and civil service (39.04%) as the major on-farm, off-farm, and non-farm livelihood strategies, respectively. The mean score result of the Garrett ranking technique showed that drastic reduction in household income (53.90), food shortages (53.56), and loss of livelihood strategies (52.47) were the major effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their livelihood strategies. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected households, rendering them pervasively vulnerable and livelihood insecure. The study recommends that the government, extension agencies, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should collaborate to prioritize organizing periodic training and workshops based on options for diversification of livelihood strategies in rural communities, bordering onfarm, off-farm, and non-farm strategies to build their capacities, enhance managerial abilities, and improve efficiency and productivity by creating an enabling environment for businesses to thrive in the rural areas.
Pages: 122-135
Cite this Article: OKPACHU, O. G; ABU, G. A; ASOGWA, B. C. WEYE, E. A. , "ASSESSMENT OF PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE PANDEMIC ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS' LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 122-135 #JAEES
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FORMAL CREDIT FACILITIES AMONG BENEFICIARIES AND NON-BENEFICIARY SMALL-SCALE AGROFORESTRY FARMERS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: AYODELE, J.T., ABU, G.A., IORLAMEN, T.R. OGAH, O.M.
Abstracts: The study compared formal credit facilities among beneficiaries and non – beneficiary small-scale agroforestry farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 250 small scale agroforestry farmers. Primary data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and gross farm income analysis were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that majority (52.40%) of the sampled respondents were within the productive age bracket of 41−60 years with a mean age of 44 years. The analysis of the level of education showed that majority (95.5%) of the respondents attended one level of education or the other. The average total revenue for beneficiaries for both arable crops and sales from trees and forest products was N1,749,324.00 per hectare, while that of the non beneficiaries was N960,160.00 per hectare. The result of the net farm income for both credit beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries revealed that the credit beneficiaries obtained a gross farm income of N1,332,548.00 per hectare and non-beneficiaries had N 630,152 from their agroforestry farm. The overall result revealed that agroforestry farming was profitable in the study area, with beneficiaries recording the higher profit. The analysis of difference of means using the t-test showed that there was a significant difference (t = 5.69, P<0.05) between the gross farm income of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of formal credit at 5% confidence level. The result revealed that untimely disbursement of credit, high interest rate, collateral/security, time wasting in processing of loan, lack of commitment among members of farm credit groups were the most pressing constraints faced by the respondents. The study concludes that availability of formal credit helped the beneficiaries to gain more income than the non- beneficiaries in their agroforestry farms with higher profits. The study recommended that the factors considered before a farmer can be a beneficiary should be reduced for the benefit of the farmers, and various sources of formal credit should be made available to the farmers in the study areas.
Pages: 136-150
Cite this Article: AYODELE, J.T., ABU, G.A., IORLAMEN, T.R. OGAH, O.M. , "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FORMAL CREDIT FACILITIES AMONG BENEFICIARIES AND NON-BENEFICIARY SMALL-SCALE AGROFORESTRY FARMERS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 136-150 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMMES ON INFANT AND MATERNAL HEALTH IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: SHAKU, C. K., AYE, G. C. KUGHUR, P. G.
Abstracts: This study assessed effects of Maternal and Child Health programmes on infant and maternal health in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria, from 2001 to 2024. The study adopted historical design using secondary data from hospital records to describe trends and analyze the effect of key MCH Programs on infant mortality, maternal mortality, and the proportion of normal deliveries. Data were analyzed using trend analysis and multiple regression models. Findings revealed steady increase in ANC attendance and skilled birth attendance. Regression analysis revealed that MCH programs collectively had significant effect on infant mortality (F= 2.51, p < 0.077) albeit marginally. Child immunization (β = -.0366, p = 0.010) had a significant negative effect on infant mortality at 1% level; infant EID (β = -0.629, p = 0.095) and infant prophylaxis (β = 0.696, p = 0.078) had marginal effect. Maternal mortality revealed ANC attendance as a significant inverse predictor (β = -0.0389, p = 0.017); while skilled birth attendance showed a positive relationship (β = 0.0588, p = 0.001) indicating highrisk cases at health facilities. The normal delivery outcomes were positively associated with skilled birth attendance (β = 0.0132, p < 0.01), indicating better delivery outcomes and linking to trained health workers. The study thus, concludes that, MCH programs have significant effects in reducing infant and maternal mortality as well as increasing normal delivery rates in Makurdi LGA. Strengthening MCH programs, expanding on infant care and promoting community awareness were therefore recommended.
Pages: 151-164
Cite this Article: SHAKU, C. K., AYE, G. C. KUGHUR, P. G. , "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMMES ON INFANT AND MATERNAL HEALTH IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 151-164 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON PRO-VITAMIN-A CASSAVA VARIETIES AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: NWANGUMA, F. C., NWANCHUKWU, C. B. JIRIKO, R. K.
Abstracts: This study assessed the Level of Awareness on bio-fortified pro-vitamin A cassava varieties among rural farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. The population comprised all rural Pro- Vitamin A cassava farmers in Benue State. A sample size of 174 respondents was selected using a multi-stage selection technique comprising purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, percentages, mean). Results revealed that most (37.93%) farmers were aged between 41-50 years, male (70.7 %), had secondary education (52.3 %), cultivate <3 ha (97.7%), and majority (78.2%) earned ₦750,000–1,000,000 annually. Agro-dealers (̅x̅ =2.89) and farmer groups (̅x̅ =2.87) were the main information sources. Awareness was highest for UMUCASS 36 (98.8 %) and UMUCASS 37 (81.5 %), lowest for newer varieties (≤ 47.7 %). Pro-vitamin A cassava varieties were positively perceived for their high-yielding potential (̅x̅ =2.97), suitability for yellow gari (̅x̅ =2.87), and low Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content (̅x̅ =2.83). It is therefore, recommended that agricultural extension efforts should prioritize agro-dealers and farmer networks as key channels for promoting bio-fortified pro-vitamin A cassava. Messaging must be localized and culturally sensitive, using tools like visual aids, local languages, radio, and community demonstrations to reach farmers of all literacy levels. Strengthening these inclusive communication strategies will boost awareness and subsequent adoption of bio-fortified Pro-vitamin A cassava varieties.
Pages: 165-174
Cite this Article: NWANGUMA, F. C., NWANCHUKWU, C. B. JIRIKO, R. K. , "ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON PRO-VITAMIN-A CASSAVA VARIETIES AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 165-174 #JAEES
ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL THINKING AND STATISTICAL LITERACY AS PREDICTORS OF DECISION-MAKING SKILLS AMONG ECONOMICS AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION STUDENTS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: OYEWOLE, O. OLUMUYIWA, S, A.
Abstracts: This study analysed critical thinking and statistical literacy on decision making skills among Economics and Mathematics Education students in Sikiru Adetona College of Education, Science and Technology, Ogun State. The study adopted survey research design to determine how students' reasoning abilities and statistical competencies contribute to effective decision making. Three self-constructed instruments were used for data collection, which were the Students Critical Thinking Scale, the Statistical Literacy Scale, and the Decision Making Skills Scale. The data collected were quantitative in nature, obtained through structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis. Results showed a significant positive relationship between critical thinking and decisionmaking skills (r = 0.512, p < 0.05), as well as between statistical literacy and decisionmaking skills (r = 0.486, p < 0.05). Furthermore, both variables jointly predicted students' decision-making skills (R² = 0.67, F = 96.73, p < 0.01), with critical thinking (β= 0.45) emerging as a stronger predictor than statistical literacy (β = 0.39). The study concluded that enhancing students' analytical reasoning and statistical understanding would improve their decision making competence. It was recommended that lecturers integrate problem solving and data based reasoning tasks into instructional activities to foster critical and statistical thinking in education students.
Pages: 175-188
Cite this Article: OYEWOLE, O. OLUMUYIWA, S, A. , "ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL THINKING AND STATISTICAL LITERACY AS PREDICTORS OF DECISION-MAKING SKILLS AMONG ECONOMICS AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION STUDENTS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 175-188 #JAEES
ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVING WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: AONDONA, R. D.
Abstracts: This study analyzed opportunities and challenges associated with improving waste management among urban slum households in Makurdi town, Benue State, Nigeria. Poor waste disposal practices and inadequate waste management services pose serious environmental and public health risks in urban slum communities. Three densely populated urban locations, Wadata, North Bank, and Wurukum, were purposively selected for their significant waste management challenges. A sample of 138 respondents was drawn proportionally from an estimated population of 10,000 residents using the Taro Yamanes formula. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered via interviews, and instrument reliability was confirmed with a coefficient of 0.81 using a test-retest method. Findings revealed that the majority (62.3%) of the respondents were females, predominantly aged 31–40 years (43.5%), married (57.2%), and had an average household size of seven persons. Waste disposal practices were largely improper, with 48.5% engaging in open dumping and 29.1% using burning, while access to municipal waste collection was minimal (7.9%). Major challenges identified included inadequate waste collection services (37.7%), lack of awareness (21.7%), and poor infrastructure (13.1%). Although respondents recognized key benefits of improved waste management—such as carbon reduction (78.6%), financial gains (71.7%), and reduced air pollution (47.8%)—awareness of health- and water-related benefits remained low. Technological innovations were moderately adopted, with 49.3% practicing recycling, while adoption of smart waste bins (21.7%) and waste-to-energy systems (29%) remained limited. The study concludes that waste management in Makurdi town remains constrained by behavioral, infrastructural, and technological gaps, and it recommends increased community sensitization, provision of modern waste infrastructure, and promotion of low-cost technological innovations to enhance urban waste management practices.
Pages: 189-200
Cite this Article: AONDONA, R. D. , "ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVING WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 189-200 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF CONSTRAINTS TO ADOPTION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG CEREAL CROP FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: EDEGBO, R.O., MBAH, E.N. ANONGUKU, I.
Abstracts: This study assessed constraints to use of climate smart agricultural practices among cereal crop farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. The study employed public opinion survey which made use of a questionnaire to collect data from a sample size of 175 respondents using multi- stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that 50.3% of the respondents were females, 49.7% were married having an average household size of 5 persons and a mean age of 34.29 years. Majority (61.14%) of the respondents had primary education, 94.86% were farmers having a farm size of 1-3 hectares and 95.29% had been farming for at least 5 years. About 41.14% of the respondents earned between ₦100,00 - ₦300,000, Majority (89%) had access to extension services, while 5.14% were members of associations. Results on the types of climate smart agricultural practices used by the farmers revealed that they engaged in cultivation of early maturing and drought-tolerant varieties (100%), water harvesting and conservation by construction of bunds (91.43%), use of alternate wet and dry flooding systems in lowland rice production (87.43%). The study identified three major constraints to use of climate smart agricultural practices, which include socio-economic constraints, socio-cultural constraints and administrative constraints. The study recommends that efforts should be made to promote the use of climate smart agricultural practices through Microfinance schemes tailored to farmers and partnerships with private sector actors can provide financial support for cereal crop farmers.
Pages: 201-215
Cite this Article: EDEGBO, R.O., MBAH, E.N. ANONGUKU, I. , "ASSESSMENT OF CONSTRAINTS TO ADOPTION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG CEREAL CROP FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 201-215 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS AND NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES OF RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA
Authors: EKANEM, J.T. ULOH, C.O.
Abstracts: This study assessed food security status and nutritional outcomes of rural farming households in South-South, Nigeria, A multistage sampling technique was used to select 360 rural farming households across three States, Akwa Ibom, Cross River, and Rivers, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Food security status was measured with the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), while nutritional outcomes were assessed through HDDS based on a 24-hour recall of 12 food groups. Results revealed that only 20.0% of households were food secure, while 80.0% experienced varying degrees of food insecurity, 30.0% mildly, 35.0% moderately, and 15.0% severely food insecure. Nutritional outcomes showed that 25.0% of households had low dietary diversity (≤3 food groups), 52.5% medium (4–6), and 22.5% high (≥7). A chi-square test (χ² = 64.28, df = 6, p < 0.001) confirmed a significant relationship between food security status and dietary diversity. The study concludes that most rural households face food insecurity and limited dietary diversity, reflecting poor access to nutrient-rich foods. It recommends that agricultural extension services should be guided to enhance farmers' access to inputs and climate-smart technologies; nutrition officers should intensify community nutrition education; and policymakers should integrate food security and nutrition interventions to promote sustainable rural wellbeing.
Pages: 216-227
Cite this Article: EKANEM, J.T. ULOH, C.O. , "ASSESSMENT OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS AND NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES OF RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 216-227 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL BELIEF CONSTRAINTS TO ADOPTION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ILALOKHOIN, F.I., EJEMBI, S.A. ANONGUKU, I.
Abstracts: The study assessed cultural belief constraints to adoption of climate smart agricultural practices among rural farmers in Edo State, Nigeria. The population of the study comprises all rural farmers in Edo State. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 188 respondents as sample size. Data were collected from primary source using structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentage, mean as well as inferential statistics such as logistic regression. The study revealed that timely planting (x=3.1), disease resistant crops and livestock (x=3.0) and drought resistant crop varieties (x=2.8) were highly adopted in the study area. The results of factor analysis showed two major categories of constraints namely: cultural constraints such as conservation of tradition (0.9241), negative attitude towards climate smart agricultural practices (0.9241), cultural bias on cultivating and consumption of certain food (0.6125) and rigid socio structure (0.6977). as well as socio-economics constraint such as gender inequality (0.5728), production resources acquisition (0.6933) and male dominance in decision making (0.8485). It was concluded that rural farmers faced some constraints in adoption of climate smart agricultural practices. It was recommended that there is need to sensitize rural communities on cultural dynamism to predispose them to accepting change in agricultural practices.
Pages: 228-239
Cite this Article: ILALOKHOIN, F.I., EJEMBI, S.A. ANONGUKU, I. , "ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL BELIEF CONSTRAINTS TO ADOPTION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 228-239 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND ITS EFFECTS ON MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF WOMEN IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ARUKU, B. U.
Abstracts: This study assessed gender-based violence (GBV) and its effects on the mental and physical health of women in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 200 women through structured questionnaire. Findings revealed that economic abuse (90.5%) was the most prevalent form of GBV, followed by psychological abuse (74.5%), sexual violence (68.0%), and physical violence (67.0%). The findings also revealed that significant mental health effects including suicidal ideation (99.0%), depression (87.5%), posttraumatic stress disorder(82.0%), anxiety, and insomnia. Physical effects included reproductive complications (70.5%), injuries, and chronic pain (65.0%). The study concludes that GBV in full is a systemic social problem with multidimensional consequences requiring multi-sectoral response. It recommends strong enforcement of anti-GBV in full laws, continuous sensitization campaigns, and provision of accessible health and psychosocial support services for survivors.
Pages: 240-244
Cite this Article: ARUKU, B. U. , "ASSESSMENT OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND ITS EFFECTS ON MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF WOMEN IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 240-244 #JAEES
SOCIAL IMPACT AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE HOSPITAL ON APIR COMMUNITY IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: SOOMIYOL, M. V. DEMENONGU, T.S.
Abstracts: The study assessed the social and risk impacts of the Federal Medical Centre on Apir community in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. One of the most important responsibilities of the federal government of Nigeria is providing healthcare for its citizens. This is evident in the decision to take over control of the then General Hospital Makurdi and converting it to a Federal institution in 1995, rebranding it to Federal medical centre Makurdi. Data was collect from 90 participants (52 male and 38 female) using survey method involving frequency and percentage distribution. Results of the research showed positive impact of the FMC project as participants agreed that it increases access to market (80%), increased educational opportunity (75.6%), increase employment opportunity (98.9%), boasts tourism and economic activities (86.7%), helps social integration and increase income (62.2%) and increases livelihood opportunities (61.1%) within Apir community. Some negative impacts, increased pollution (75.6), loss of cultural heritage and traditional site (70%), cultural infiltrations by foreign workers (64.4%), felling of trees (62.2%) and roadside businesses (62.2%). Risk associated with the project was high on sexually transmitted diseases alone, while participants felt there is no risk on other factors like sexual abuse, traffic and safety concerns, increased criminal activities, social conflicts, unwanted pregnancy, water pollution and early marriage. It is concluded that the project is a vital development for Apir community and will improve livelihood of community members. It is recommended that adequate awareness should be created against unhealthy sexual behaviours, community values and social norms to avoid social conflicts with foreign workers.
Pages: 245-260
Cite this Article: SOOMIYOL, M. V. DEMENONGU, T.S. , "SOCIAL IMPACT AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE HOSPITAL ON APIR COMMUNITY IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 245-260 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS INFLUENCING SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AMONG RICE FARMERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: DEMENONGU, T. S., YAHAYA, M. A., UJAH, O. J.
Abstracts: The study was conducted to assess factors influencing usage of social media platforms among rice farmers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from a sample size of 170 rice farmers through structured questionnaire. Results obtained revealed that majority (70.6%) of the respondents were married and possessing at least secondary education (41.8%). Facebook emerged as the dominant platform (98.8%), followed by WhatsApp (43.5%). The analysis revealed that age, gender, and education significantly influence social media use, with younger and female (51.8%) farmers demonstrating higher engagement levels., Challenges such as connectivity issues (70.6%) and lack of digital skills (61.8%) were prevalent, hindering effective engagement. The study concluded that social media has substantial potential to enhance agricultural practices and market access for rice farmers in Makurdi LGA. In order to maximize this potential, it is recommended that policymakers should improve rural internet infrastructure and subsidize data costs. Additionally, agricultural extension services should promote digital literacy training and utilize social media for timely information dissemination. These interventions could significantly enhance social media adoption, ultimately improving agricultural productivity and farmer livelihoods in the area.
Pages: 261-274
Cite this Article: DEMENONGU, T. S., YAHAYA, M. A., UJAH, O. J. , "ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS INFLUENCING SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AMONG RICE FARMERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENU STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 261-274 #JAEES
ANALYSIS EFFECTS OF ON-FARM INCOME DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES ON MARKETING PERFORMANCE OF PADDY RICE IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: JESSE, J. A., NITAGHER, Z. AYILLA, V.
Abstracts: This study analysed effects of on-farm income diversification strategies on marketing performance of paddy rice in Benue State, Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 288 paddy rice marketers and data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result on on-farm diversification showed that 77.22% of the marketers were involved in selling other agricultural produce, 33.68 in keeping livestock and 37.85% in farming other crops. The effect of on-farm income diversification strategies on performance of paddy rice revealed, sales of other produce (p<0.05), livestock keeping (p<0.01) respectively are positive and farming other crop (P<0.05) to be negative and significantly performance. The result showed keeping livestock (p<0.01) and agroforestry (p<0.01) were negative, while value added is positive (p<0.1) and have great influence on performance, while only keeping livestock, agroforestry and fisheries have effect on performance. The study concludes that on-farm income diversification strategies have significant effect on paddy rice marketing performance. The study recommended that the government through the extension agents and Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in the State should collaborate and organize marketing training for the paddy rice marketers to improve their information base, regarding customer satisfaction, diversification strategies, promotion of their produce which will translate into increased marketing efficiency in terms of performance.
Pages: 275-289
Cite this Article: JESSE, J. A., NITAGHER, Z. AYILLA, V. , "ANALYSIS EFFECTS OF ON-FARM INCOME DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES ON MARKETING PERFORMANCE OF PADDY RICE IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 275-289 #JAEES
ASSESSMENT OF DRY SEASON VEGETABLE FARMING AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: FAASEMA, J.J. AKEREDOLU, T.D.
Abstracts: A survey was conducted to assess dry season vegetable farming among rural farmers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The population of this study, consisted of all dry season vegetable farmers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 120 respondents, and data were obtained through the use of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and mean were employed to describe the data, while gross margin analysis was used to determine profitability. The results revealed that majority (65%) of the respondents were males, married (74%), and within the economically active age range of 31–50 years. Most farmers had at least secondary education and relied primarily on vegetable production as their major occupation. Common vegetables cultivated included tomatoes, spinach, pepper, amaranthus, and okra. The mean farm size was 1.4 hectares, and the mean farming experience was 9 years. Gross margin analysis indicated that dry season vegetable farming is a profitable enterprise, with an average gross margin of ₦205,000 per hectare per season and a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.84, signifying a high return on investment. Major constraints identified included inadequate access to irrigation facilities, high cost of inputs, pest and disease infestation, poor access to credit, and inadequate extension services. The study concludes that dry season vegetable farming is a profitable venture with strong potential for improving household income and food security in Makurdi Local Government Area. It recommends that government and agricultural development agencies should invest in irrigation infrastructure, subsidize farm inputs, improve access to credit facilities, and strengthen extension support to promote efficient production and sustainable dry season farming systems.
Pages: 290-300
Cite this Article: FAASEMA, J.J. AKEREDOLU, T.D. , "ASSESSMENT OF DRY SEASON VEGETABLE FARMING AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 290-300 #JAEES
ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF YAM VALUE CHAIN ACTORS IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: SALEH, P., NASIRU, M. SOOM, A.
Abstracts: The study analyzed technical efficiency of yam value chain actors in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was employed to select 621 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier model. The results showed that the average farm size was 3.7 hectares, mean household size was 9 persons, while the mean farming experience of the actors was 33years. The results further showed that, land and agro chemicals were statistically significant (P<0.05), labour (P<0.01), while only fertilizer was found to be negative and significant (P<0.05) in influencing efficiency. Extension contact and education were found to be significantly (P<0.05) influenced the sources of inefficiency. The maximum, minimum and mean technical efficiencies yam farmers were 0.9998, 0.6279 and 0.8342, respectively. The marketing efficiency for key marketers in the study was 342% and the elasticities of land, labour, yam setts, fertilizer and agro chemical were found to be 0.5122, 0.1790, -0.2614, and 0.5602, respectively, giving a total of 1.1496 as a return to scale. The major constraints were high cost of planting materials, inadequate capital for processing and insecurity. In conclusion, yam value chain actors were technically efficient in the study area. The study recommends provision of planting materials, good network of roads and upgrading of the security in the study area by relevant stake holders.
Pages: 301-320
Cite this Article: SALEH, P., NASIRU, M. SOOM, A. , "ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF YAM VALUE CHAIN ACTORS IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/December2025, Volume 13 - Issue 1, December, 2025, 301-320 #JAEES