ONLINE PAPER PUBLISHING - Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition

All listed papers are published after full consent of respective author or co-author(s).
For any discussion on research subject or research matter, the reader should directly contact the undersigned authors.

Authors: TOKULA, M.H. NWOKOCHA, I.N. MAZZA, M.

Abstracts: The study assessed the effect of training in good agronomic practices on the productivity of decentralized vine multipliers in sweetpotato vine production in Abia State. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study. The three agricultural zones were involved. Two blocks each were randomly selected from the three agricultural zones in the State given a total of 6 blocks; two circles were randomly selected from each block making it twelve (12) circles. Ten (10) sweetpotato farmers were randomly selected from each circle, making a total of 120 farmers for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that majority (63.33%) of the DSVMs were males and 81.67% were married with 61.67% having household size that fell between 5-8 persons. The result, also, showed that 98% of the DVMs had access to sweetpotato vine demonstration farm and had training on improved agronomic practices. The level of constraints to sweetpotato vine production was high with the grand mean of 2.43. The t- test analysis result revealed that there was significant difference between sweetpotato vine yield before and after DVMs' training on good agronomic practices in vine production at 5% level. The study, therefore, concluded that the DVMs in Abia State had increased yield in vine production after training on good agronomic practices but were faced with many challenges in vine production. It is recommended that DVMs should continue to utilize the good agronomic practices they were trained on since it has increased the yield of vines produced.

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Pages: 01-09

Cite this Article: TOKULA, M.H. NWOKOCHA, I.N. MAZZA, M. , "ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF TRAINING IN GOOD AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DECENTRALIZED VINE MULTIPLIERS IN SWEETPOTATO VINE PRODUCTION IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 01-09 #JAEES

Authors: AMAH, N. E., HUMPHREY, N. D., SHWARPSHAKKA, S. Y. & WAI, D. M

Abstracts: The survey analyzed farmers' knowledge level on aflatoxins contamination in cereals and legume crops in Jos South Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to collect data from sample of one hundred and fourteen (114) respondents and was analyzed using a combination of analytical tools such as descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean score) and correlation. Result revealed that majority (65.8%) of the respondents were females with an average age of 34 years, married (69.3%) and had a mean household size of 6 persons. About 84.2% had a form of formal education with major occupation being farming, cultivating an average of 3.3 hectares and had about 11 years of farming experience. Findings showed that 70% of the respondents knew what aflatoxins were, 63.2% knew that aflatoxins had serious health effects when consumed, about 65.8% knew that aflatoxins had effects on crops; however, result revealed that 25.4% of the respondents knew that aflatoxins contaminate food crops through poor and improper storage. About 22.8% knew that insect infestation leads to aflatoxins contamination, just 18.4% knew that contaminated seed can predispose food crops to aflatoxins contamination and about 13.2% of the respondents knew that aflatoxins contaminate food crops through the soil among others. Subsequently, the farmers adopted varying control measures to fight aflatoxins contamination which include: sorting of infected seeds (95.1%), use of certified seed (94.8%), timely and proper harvesting (88.7%), adequate and proper drying (88.7%), adequate storage system (87.5%), public awareness campaign (74.6%) among others. The study, thus, recommends creation of awareness by all concerned stakeholders on sources that lead to aflatoxin contamination of food grains and the risks associated with aflatoxins-contaminated food. Farmers and the general public should adhere strictly to the mentioned control measures of aflatoxin contamination on food grains in the study area.

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Pages: 10-24

Cite this Article: AMAH, N. E., HUMPHREY, N. D., SHWARPSHAKKA, S. Y. & WAI, D. M , "ANALYSIS OF FARMERS' KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ON AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION AND CONTROL IN CEREALS AND LEGUME CROPS IN JOS SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 10-24 #JAEES

Authors: LA'AH, D., WEYE, E.A. AYOOLA, J.B

Abstracts: The study examined the trends of outputs and prices of selected food grains in Nigeria from 1981 to 2020. Time series data were collected from National Bureau of Statistics as well as Food and Agricultural Organization Statistical Databasess. The data for this study was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that, the mean output for wheat was 67,498.53 tonnes, maize 6,279,013.00 tonnes and rice 3,786,425.00 tonnes during the period under review; while the mean price for rice was N34,586.29 per tonne, wheat N33,625.00 per tonne and maize N31,049.15 per tonne; the mean outputs for maize was 6,279,013.00 tonnes, rice had 3,786,425.00 tonnes and wheat 67,498.53 tonnes. The skewness of rice (-0.147291) and maize (-0.006561) were negatively skewed to the left tail implying the presence of more values that are lower than the sample mean and wheat (0.022889) skewed positively to the right tail implying the presence of more values that are higher than the sample mean; kurtosis for rice and wheat output may be described as leptokurtic (positive excess kurtosis), maize output had a kurtosis less than 3 (negative excess kurtosis) and may be described as platykurtic; while wheat, rice and maize prices had kurtosis less than 3; the Jarque-Bera probability test of normality shows that the output and prices of rice, maize and wheat were statistically significant at 5% level of significance, thereby accepting the null hypotheses. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for unit root also revealed that, the series of interest rate is stationary at first difference and implied that the variables of selected food grains cannot be specified at their levels without the risk of obtaining spurious regression. The trends of outputs of rice, maize and wheat grains decreased; thus the trends of prices of rice fall but maize and wheat rose, respectively in 2020. The study conclude that, trends of outputs and prices of rice, maize and wheat were erratic in Nigeria from 1981 to 2020. Thus, the study recommends that farmers should utilize improved seeds and increase the irrigated areas for food grains' production.

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Pages: 25-38

Cite this Article: LA'AH, D., WEYE, E.A. AYOOLA, J.B , "THE TRENDS OF OUTPUTS AND PRICES OF SELECTED FOOD GRAINS IN NIGERIA (1981-2020)", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 25-38 #JAEES

Authors: WARIBUGO S. C. , DAUDU S. , AGE A. I. ,NASWEM A. A. TIAMIYU S. A

Abstracts: The study assessed determinants of adoption of improved soyabean post-hatvest technologies among rural farmers in North Central Nigeria. All the soyabean farmers in North Central Nigeria formed the population of the study. Multi- stage sampling technique was used to select 320 respondents for the study. Primary data were obtained by means of structured questionnaire administered to the respondents. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showsthat 58.9 % of the respondents were male, many (41.0 %) of the respondents were between 21 and 40 years of age with mean age of about 36 years. The result also shows that many (81.3%) of the respondents were married, while 12 % of them were single. The results further shows that 49.4 % of the respondents had household size ≤6 persons. Most (95.0 %)) of the respondents indicated farming as their primary occupation. Also, majority (92.8 %)) of them were into full time farming in the pooled results. The results shows that majority (66.9 %) of the respondents adopted improved storage facilities at high level. Many (64.7%) of the respondents had high level adoption of Soya milk processing machine. About 40.6 % of the respondents had high level adoption of soyabean threshing machine. The results on ordered logit Regression analysis shows significant effect of the selected farmers' socio-economic characteristics on adoption level. In conclusion, the adoption of improved soyabean post-harvest technologies by farmers led to increase in farm output as perceived by the respondents. It is recommended that farm input supply should be timely and at affordable price, there should be creation of awareness and farmers training on technology usage.

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Pages: 39-51

Cite this Article: WARIBUGO S. C. , DAUDU S. , AGE A. I. ,NASWEM A. A. TIAMIYU S. A , "DETERMINANTS OF LEVEL OF ADOPTION OF IMPROVED SOYABEAN POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGIES AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 39-51 #JAEES

Authors: TAVERSHIMA, T., AMEH, D. E. AZEVER, J. I

Abstracts: The study examined the profitability of aquaculture in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. A sample of 90 aquaculture farmers was selected. Primary data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the study. Mean age of respondent farmers was 44 years. Most of the farmers were males (51.1%) and got the fish farmland they were using through inheritance (45.6%). Majority were married (64.4%), had formal education (58.9%), 1 to 5 household members (84.4%) with a mean household size of 5 persons, a fish farm experience of 1 to 5 years (90%), with a mean fish farm experience of 4 years and a mean annual farm income of N1458555.6.The results of Gross Margin and profitability analysis of aquaculture fish production in the study area showed that the average total variable costs (TVC) of aquaculture fish production were N87547.9. Total revenue from the sale of fish output was N183055.6. Gross margin for aquaculture fish production was estimated at N95507.7, while the profit from the aquaculture fish production was estimated at N59993.8, during the lasting cropping period. This result indicates that aquaculture fish production is profitable in the study area. The Net Return on Investment (ROI) of an average small scale aquaculture fish farmer is 0.49. This means that on the average, small scale aquaculture fish farming returned N0.49 for every N1.00 invested by the farmer during the production or cropping period in the study area. The study therefore recommends that individuals, firms and other stakeholders should investigate the enterprise of fingerlings production and marketing with a view to reducing costs, increasing profit and making fingerlings available for small-scale fish farmers in the study area; extension agents should train farmers on feed formulation in order to reduce production costs and check losses or increase profit; fish price control measures should be put in place in order to prevent the incessant fluctuations of prices and thereby prevent farmers from making losses and Government should encourage farmers to invest more in fish farming through improved access to credit facilities.

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Pages: 52-66

Cite this Article: TAVERSHIMA, T., AMEH, D. E. AZEVER, J. I , "PROFITABILITY OF AQUACULTURE IN OTUKPO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 52-66 #JAEES

Authors: TAVERSHIMA, T., KOTUR, L. N. ONJEFU, H. I.

Abstracts: The study examined rural women's participation in cassava production in Ohimini Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. A Multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 103 respondents for the study. The statistical tools used for analysis were frequency, percentage and mean and inferential statistical tools such as Ordinary Least Square Regression analysis and gross margin analysis. The results of the analysis showed that most of the rural women farmers had a household size 6-10 members (47.5%), with a mean size of 7 persons, 21 – 30 years of experience (46.6%), with a mean of 10 years, farm size of 2 to 3 hectares (36.9%) with a mean size of 2.4 hectares, were 31 – 45 years (47.6%) with a mean age of 40 years, used family labour (44.7%), majority had an annual income of N401,000 and above (72.8%), with a mean annual income of N840,543.689, an annual offfarm income of N100,000- N500,000 (58.3%), with a general mean annual off – farm income of N380,048.544, engaged in farming (58.35) as their major occupation, were married (51.5%), members of an association (57.3%) and had 1 to 6 years of formal education (70.3%). The results of ordinary least squares multiple linear regression analysis of level of participation of rural women farmers in cassava production in the study area showed education, cost of fertilizer, membership of association and training were the significant factors that influenced rural women's involvement in cassava production in the area. The coefficient of educational level (1.8664) was positive and statistically significant at 1 percent level, cost of fertilizer (-0.0028) was negative and significant at 1percent level, number of trainings in cassava production by extension agents (4.4878) was positive and significant at 5 percent level and association membership (13.737) was positive and significant at 5 percent level. The results of Gross Margin analysis of cassava production by rural women farmers in the study area indicated that the average total variable cost (TVC) and total revenue (TR) of rural women cassava farmers were estimated at N60515.535 and N764883.495 respectively, while the gross margin was estimated at N704367.960 during the production period. This result indicates that cassava production is a highly profitable venture in the study area. The results of response of rural women farmers (51.5%) to the level of women participation in cassava production activities revealed that there was a high level of women participation in cassava production activities in the study area. The results of constraints inhibiting the effective participation of rural women cassava farmers in cassava production showed that the most (16.7%) problem militating against the effective participation of rural women farmers in cassava production was low level of education, with a mean value of 3.05. Therefore, the study recommends that, women should be encouraged into cassava farming since the study shows that rural women participation is slightly high; women should also be encouraged to invest in cassava production for its profitability and economic value; inputs, especially fertilizer and improved varieties of cassava cuttings should be made available to women at affordable price; they should belong to cooperative associations and should be given greater access to land and control of production resources

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Pages: 67-84

Cite this Article: TAVERSHIMA, T., KOTUR, L. N. ONJEFU, H. I. , "ANALYSIS OF RURAL WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN OHIMINI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 67-84 #JAEES

Authors: WARIBUGO S. C. , DAUDU S. , AGE A. I. NASWEM A. A.

Abstracts: The study assessed factors affecting adoption of improved soyabean production technologies among rural farmers in North Central Nigeria. All the soyabean farmers in North Central Nigeria formed the population of the study. Multi- stage sampling techniques was used to select 320 respondents for the study. Primary data were obtained by means of structured questionnaire administered to the respondents. The data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean score and factor analysis. The results shows that (58.9 %) of the respondents were male, many (41.0 %) of the respondents were between 21 and 40 years of age with mean age of about 36. The result also shows that many (81.3%) of the respondents were married, while (12 %) of them were single. The results further shows that (49.4 %) of the respondents had household size ≤6persons. Most (95.0 %)) of the respondents indicated farming as their primary occupation also, majority (92.8 %)) of them were into full time farming in the pooled results. The results shows that majority (88.4%) of the respondents have high level adoption of NCRI recommended planting season of June–July as soyabean production technology, many (79.4 %) of them adopted Sam soy2, about 63.1 % of them adopted fertilizer (N.P.K) 3bags and SSP4bags/ha. Major constraints to adoption of improved soyabean production technologies were related to socio-economic, infrastructural and institutional constraints. In conclusion, the adoption of improved soyabean production technologies by farmers leads to increase in farm output Based on the results, it is recommended that farm input supply should be timely and at affordable price, there should be creation of awareness and farmers training on technology usage, there should be provision of credit and loans to farmers, more markets and good roads should be made available mostly in the rural areas.

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Pages: 85-98

Cite this Article: WARIBUGO S. C. , DAUDU S. , AGE A. I. NASWEM A. A. , "PERCEIVED FACTORS AFFECTING ADOPTION OF IMPROVED SOYABEAN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 85-98 #JAEES

Authors: ADIEL, K. B., EJEMBI, E. P. JIRIKO, R. K

Abstracts: The study analyzed factors associated with discontinuance of improved rice production technologies in Nasarawa and Plateau States, Nigeria. Amultistage sampling technique was employed to select 310. Data were collected from primary source, using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and factor analysis. The result shows that use of tractor (97.22%) and NPK fertilizer (96.67%) recorded the highest awareness in Nasarawa State, herbicide (98.46%) and NPK fertilizer (98.46%) had the highest in Plateau State. Nerica seed variety (86.11%) and NPK fertilizer (83.33%) had the highest discontinuance in Nasarawa State while Faro seed variety (96.92%) and use of tractor (96.15%) had the highest discontinuance in Plateau State. Most respondents in the two states complained of lack of funds and inputs as well as high cost of inputs. The factor analysis result produced three broad categories of factors: socioeconomic factors that loaded high were farming experience, household size, membership of association and lack of extension contact. Technological factors that loaded high were availability of input, cost of inputs, relative advantage, complexity and farmers income. Politico-cultural factors thatloaded high were political and religious crisis, frequent changes of Government policies and lack of incentives significantly affected discontinuance of improved rice production technologies. It was recommended that government at all levels and non-governmental extension service providers should deliberately step up efforts at ensuring that farm input such as improved seed, herbicides, fertilizer and tractors are made available to the farmers on time and at reasonable cost.

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Pages: 99-114

Cite this Article: ADIEL, K. B., EJEMBI, E. P. JIRIKO, R. K , "FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DISCONTINUANCE OF ADOPTION OF IMPROVED RICE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES IN NASARAWAAND PLATEAU STATES, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 99-114 #JAEES

Authors: ASHIKO F. T. G., MHOMGA S. S., ATAGHER M. M

Abstracts: The study assessed the effect of access to microcredit on productivity and profitability of smallholder cassava farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. Multistage, purposive and stratified sampling techniques were employed in selecting respondents for the study. Data for the study was collected from 197 respondents by means of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Probit regression model were used for data analysis. The results showed that farmers access to microcredit, age, farm record keeping, Off-farm activities, membership of farm based organization and extension contact were found to be significant factors determining access to credit. The result also indicated that the major sources of farm credit among the respondents were co-operative societies (47.20 %), friends or relatives (35.02 %) and individual money lenders (12.69 %). On constraints to cassava production in study st area, the study found inadequate finance rank 1 , with 2.94 mean score, followed by nd Inadequate supply of fertilizer and herbicides which ranked (2 ), unstable market price rd) th th (3 ), inadequate processing facilities 4 , lack of improved varieties 5 , with mean scores of 2.85, 2.73, 2.64, and 2.59 respectively, to be the major constraints to cassava production in the study area. Based on the findings of this study, the recommendation were that the government should fund more microcredit institutions so that their interest rate would be reduced for on-farm production families to obtain credit with ease. Also, cassava farmers should organize and or join cassava production associations or groups because this is likely to improve their accessibility to farm credit that could lead to increased, improved cassava production and profitability study area.

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Pages: 115-126

Cite this Article: ASHIKO F. T. G., MHOMGA S. S., ATAGHER M. M , "EFFECT OF ACCESS TO MICRO CREDIT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF SMALLHOLDER CASSAVA FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 115-126 #JAEES

Authors: ASHIKO F. T. G., ATAGHER M. M. ANWEH C. A.

Abstracts: The study analyzed incentives and socioeconomic characteristics as factors behind venture decisions into agribusiness by young would-be entrepreneurs in Benue State, Nigeria by use of the ex-post facto research design. The population was made up of registered persons who had been trained or were undergoing agribusiness trainings at business school, university, government agencies or non-governmental organizations within the ages of 15-35 for the 2019 and 2020 cropping season totaling 10320. The sample size of 385 was determined from the population using Taro Yamane formula. Primary data was collected through the use of structured questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The result of the Ordered Logit Regression analysis showed that for 3 categories of incentives, agricultural infrastructure and technological incentives were significant in explaining venture decisions. The study recommended that priority and attention should be paid to incentive programmes and how they are conceived, packaged, delivered to encourage venture into agribusiness by young people and trainees.

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Pages: 127-137

Cite this Article: ASHIKO F. T. G., ATAGHER M. M. ANWEH C. A. , "THE ROLE OF INCENTIVES IN ENHANCING VENTURE DECISION OF YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 127-137 #JAEES

Authors: INNOCENT-ENE, EUNICE. O, UMEH, JOSEPH C., ABU, OREFI & ASOGWA, BENJAMIN C.

Abstracts: The study examined the influence of socio economic factors of farmers on palm oil and palm kernel production in Enugu and Kogi States, Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were adopted in the study. Enugu and Kogi States were purposively selected based on the a priori knowledge that they are palm oil and palm kernel producing States. The agricultural zones producing palm oil and palm kernel were considered from each State. Finally, a list of palm oil producers under oil palm growers' association of Nigeria (OPGAN) in each State was obtained from the State Ministry of Agriculture. From the list, 33% of the farmers were randomly selected from each of the villages sampled to give a total sample size of 473 farmers interviewed. However, only 457 questionnaires were correctly filled, returned and used for the analysis. Primary data used for the study was collected through the use of structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data collected for the study. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and percentage, and inferential statistics (Stochastic frontier model). Analysis of sex of respondents conducted per State indicated that 61% of the respondents were female and 39% were male in Enugu State while 59% were female and 41% male in Kogi State. The study revealed the average age of the respondents as 45.5 years, and that majority of them were married 73.5% and 75.7% in Enugu and Kogi States respectively. Also, the study showed that 53% and 74.7%of the farmers in Enugu and Kogi States respectively had household size of 5-9 persons, while 19.6% and 16.8% had household size 10-14 persons. Only 12% has household size of 20 persons and above in the two states. The mean educationally years spent in school by the respondents from the study areas was found to be 10 years. Specifically, in Enugu State, 21.9% had no formal education while 10.39% had no formal education in Kogi State. Meanwhile 78.3% and 80.6% had formal education in the two States respectively. From the study, it was revealed that although producers were generally efficient, there is still room to increase their production; whereas sex and household size were not significant, and producers with more years of formal schooling tend to be more efficient and closer to the frontier output. Variables such as quantities of fresh fruit bunches and labor have significant effect on palm oil and palm kernel production at 1% probability level. In conclusion, the study recommended establishment of more oil palm plantation, formation of farmers' cooperative societies, and rural development; these are efforts to encourage young farmers to produce more since the enterprise is a very lucrative one in the study areas but the farmers were seen producing in small scale.

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Pages: 138-151

Cite this Article: INNOCENT-ENE, EUNICE. O, UMEH, JOSEPH C., ABU, OREFI & ASOGWA, BENJAMIN C. , "INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF FARMERS ON PALM OILAND PALM KERNEL PRODUCTION IN ENUGU AND KOGI STATES", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2022, Volume 8 - Issue 1, June 2022 Edition, 138-151 #JAEES