ONLINE PAPER PUBLISHING - Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025

All listed papers are published after full consent of respective author or co-author(s).
For any discussion on research subject or research matter, the reader should directly contact the undersigned authors.

Authors: AYENI, M.D; ALHASSAN, Y.J; MANGA, T. A; ALEDARE,

Abstracts: This study investigates the poverty status of artisanal fish farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria, using the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). Data were collected from 150 respondents through a two-stage sampling technique and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the MPI, and logit regression. The findings revealed a Multidimensional Headcount Ratio (H) of 0.63, indicating that 63% of the households are multidimensionally poor. The primary contributors to poverty include deprivation in living standards (48.15%), health (29.63%), and education (22.22%). Logit regression analysis identified household size, age, annual income, credit access, and extension services access as major drivers of poverty among the artisanal fish farmers' households. The results underscore the need for targeted policy interventions that improve living conditions, healthcare access, educational opportunities, and financial support mechanisms to alleviate poverty among artisanal fish farmers.

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Pages: 01-18

Cite this Article: AYENI, M.D; ALHASSAN, Y.J; MANGA, T. A; ALEDARE, , "MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG ARTISANAL FISH FARMERS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 01-18 #JAEES

Authors: ELEMASHO, M.K., ALFRED, S.D.Y., FASINA, O.O., ABDULBAKI, M.K., NWAHIA, O.C., ANEKE, C.C., IORDEKIGHIR, A.A., SALAMI, D.O., CHUGALI, A.J.C MU, I.E.

Abstracts: The study focused on adoption of NSPRI Parabolic shaped dryer for drying of unriped plantain chips in Obio-akpor Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Rivers State, Nigeria. The Population for this study consisted of all plantain farmers in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. Purposive and snow-ball sampling techniques were used to select 108 unriped plantain chips processors in Obio-akpor L.G.A as sample size. A structured questionnaire was used to obtained information from the respondents and analyzed using percentages and mean. The result from the study revealed that, 44.4% of respondants was aware of the technology. Co-processors (25.4%) were the major source of awareness of the technology. The results further revealed that, 35.2% of the respondents adopted the technology. The Technology adoption level was low with 48% adoption rate. The major constraint to adoption was lack of awareness of the technology. Therefore, extension department in NSPRI should intensify efforts in awareness campaign of the Institute's technologies to improve on the level of awareness of this NSPRI technology.

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Pages: 19-28

Cite this Article: ELEMASHO, M.K., ALFRED, S.D.Y., FASINA, O.O., ABDULBAKI, M.K., NWAHIA, O.C., ANEKE, C.C., IORDEKIGHIR, A.A., SALAMI, D.O., CHUGALI, A.J.C MU, I.E. , "ADOPTION OF PARABOLIC SHAPED SOLAR DRYER FOR DRYING UNRIPED PLANTAIN CHIPS IN OBIO-AKPOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 19-28 #JAEES

Authors: ASEGH, E. D., ABAH, D. ANONGUKU, I.

Abstracts: The study assessed effects of gender based violence on female students in Benue State University Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. The population of this study consisted of all female students of Benue State University, Makurdi. The study employed a cross sectional survey research design using structured questionnaire to collect data for the study. A sample size of 250female students was drawn from a population of 12500 students. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result on perpetrators of gender based violence showed fellow students (86.4%), lecturers (82.4%) and strangers/outsiders (50.0%). The result showed the causes of gender based violence were alcohol and drug abuse (80.8%), cultural beliefs and tradition (69.6%), economic dependence on perpetrators (71.2%) and lack of strict laws and enforcement (56.0%). The findings on the forms of gender based violence experienced by females were sexual harassment (3.76), financial exploitation (3.52), emotional abuse (3.48) and physical abuse (2.86). Binary logistic regression analysis on the effect of gender based violence on the affected students showed that, rape (-0.528), emotional abuse (0.860), financial exploitation (-0.538) were statistically significant. The study concludes that rape, emotional abuse and financial exploitation were the effect of gender based violence on students. It was recommended that female students should always attend seminar and workshops on gender based violence.

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Pages: 29-41

Cite this Article: ASEGH, E. D., ABAH, D. ANONGUKU, I. , "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF GENDER BASED VIOLENCE ON FEMALE STUDENTS IN BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY, MAKURDI, BENUE STATE, NIGERA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 29-41 #JAEES

Authors: APEVERGA, M.S., AKE, O.R. UCHUA, T.D.

Abstracts: This study analysed drivers of gender disparities in financial inclusion in rural Nigeria using panel data from Nigeria's General Household Survey-Panel (GHS-Panel). Financial inclusion, taken as access was measured as bank account ownership, and household welfare was proxied by per capita consumption expenditure. The Oaxaca- Blinder regression-based decomposition model was employed to examine disparities in financial access between male-headed and female-headed households. The results show that male-headed households have higher financial inclusion (0.2141) than femaleheaded households (0.1433), and the gap is strongly significant (β=-0.0708; p<0.01). The endowment effect (β=0.0391; p=0.209) is not significant, while the coefficients effect (β=0.1909; p<0.01) and interaction effect (β =-0.3007; p<0.01) are both significant. The interaction effect further reveals that marital status (Coef. = -0.1756; p = 0.008), and household size (Coef. = -0.0701; p = 0.011) are the key factors contributing to the observed disparity in financial inclusion. Gender disparities in rural financial inclusion stem more from structural inequalities in how socio-economic characteristics are rewarded than from the characteristics themselves. The strongly significant interaction effect and coefficient term point to systemic barriers such as discrimination, social norms, and institutional bias. Addressing this requires gendersensitive policies that go beyond access, focusing on inclusive financial systems and equity in outcomes.

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Pages: 42-56

Cite this Article: APEVERGA, M.S., AKE, O.R. UCHUA, T.D. , "ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS OF GENDER DISPARITIES IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 42-56 #JAEES

Authors: AIZE, A. D., OGAH, O.M., EZIHE, J.A.C. AWUNA, J. M.

Abstracts: The study was carried out to analyze the Trends and Growth Rates of Rainfall and Fisheries Production in Nigeria. The study made use of time series data that spanned from 1981 to 2022. Data on the variables of the study were collected from the records of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and World Bank database. Data for this study were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, maximum and minimum with trend graphs as well as growth model. The results of the growth rate and direction of growth showed an acceleration in fisheries production with instantaneous growth rate and compound growth rates of 4.47% and 4.57%, respectively. Similarly, the result also showed stagnation in rainfall with instantaneous and compound growth rates of 7.26% and 7.53%, respectively. Furthermore, the direction of growth of food supply showed acceleration with instantaneous and compound growth rates of 0.427% and 0.428%. The result showed an upward trend in fisheries production with the year 2021 as the highest. The study concluded that in the long run, rainfall significantly influenced fisheries production over the period under review. This emphasizes the critical importance of rainfall in driving fisheries production in Nigeria's fisheries sector. Therefore, the study recommended that there is a need to actively promote climate-resilient farming practices in the fisheries sector.

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Pages: 57-68

Cite this Article: AIZE, A. D., OGAH, O.M., EZIHE, J.A.C. AWUNA, J. M. , "TRENDS AND GROWTH RATES OF RAINFALL AND FISHERIES PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA (1981-2022)", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 57-68 #JAEES

Authors: CHAHUL, E.S., AYE, G.C. ABU, O.

Abstracts: This study analysed effects of public spendings on the fisheries sub-sector output and its implications for poverty reduction in Nigeria, using annual time series data from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Nucleic Acid Phylogenetic Profiling (NAAP) Policy data from 1980-2017, The data were analysed through trend, growth, ARDL models and Bound Test. The results revealed fluctuating trends in public spendings, fisheries outputs, and inflation. The growth model showed that public spendings accelerated (0.0024), while fisheries output (-0.0000887) and inflation (-0.00012) decelerated. The Bounds test confirmed a long-run relationship between agricultural spending and fisheries output with F-value: 7.057 at 5% level of probability. The ARDL model indicated that a unit increase in public spending reduced fisheries output by 0.033%, while higher fisheries output reduced poverty by 1.205%. The result showed that public spending has significant effect on fishery subsector output and fishery subsector output has significant effect on poverty reduction. The study recommends that the Maputo Agreement should be implemented by providing training, and offering low-interest loans to fish farmers to improve fisheries production and reduce poverty.

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Pages: 69-87

Cite this Article: CHAHUL, E.S., AYE, G.C. ABU, O. , "ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF PUBLIC SPENDINGS ON FISHERIES SUBSECTOR OUTPUT IN NIGERIA (1980 -2017): IMPLICATIONS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 69-87 #JAEES

Authors: UVERYOL, A. T., EZIHE, J.A.C. SOOM, A.

Abstracts: This study analyzed effects of climate-smart technologies on cereal crop production in Benue State, Nigeria. A sample size of 180 respondents was selected through multistage sampling techniques. The data for the study were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results on socioeconomic characteristics of cereal crop farmers showed that majority (70.6%) of the respondents were males, mean age was 48.86years, married (45.6%) with a household size of 7.85persons, spent an average of 15years in school, major occupation was farming (69.4%)with average farm size and farming experience of 3.29 hectares, and 28.71 years, respectively. The average annual output was 4205.55kg with mean annual income of N2, 429,450.00.Majority (86.1) of the respondents belonged to cooperatives, 79.4% had extension contacts and 85.0% had used climate-smart agricultural technologies. The propensity scores matching result on the effects of climate-smart agricultural technologies on cereal crop yields showed a chi-square (3.18) significant at (P<0.1), which implies that climate-smart agricultural technologies affects cereal crop yields. The difference of -2436.042 units indicates that adopters had much lower yields than non-adopters before matching, which was significant (P<0.05). It was recommended that the government should provide credit facilities to cereal crop farmers to enhance their usage of climate-smart agricultural technologies during drought and dry season farming.

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Pages: 88-106

Cite this Article: UVERYOL, A. T., EZIHE, J.A.C. SOOM, A. , "ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES ON CEREAL CROP PRODUCTION IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 88-106 #JAEES

Authors: EGBEADUMAH, M. O., ABALI, O. FIYINBU, E.

Abstracts: This study investigated effects of environmental degradation on agricultural production among rural farmers in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) copies duly validated questionnaire on Effects of Environmental Degradation on agricultural production (QEEDAP) were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The result showed that, erosion (49.1%), flooding (29.1%), air pollution (9.1%), water degradation (4.1%), land degradation (5.0%) and noise degradation (3.3%) were identified as major environmental hazards in the study area. The causes of these environmental problems were inadequate drainage pattern (38.3%), erection of building close to rivers/streams channel (2.5%), poor sanitation facilities (5.0%), low level of education (10.0%), illegal felling of economic trees (10.0%). For the regression of effects of environmental degradation, farming activity (3.311) exhibited a positive and statistically significant effect on agricultural production at 1%, The coefficient of inadequate drainage pattern (0.055) showed a positive relationship with agricultural production and statistically significant at 5%, while erection of building close to river/stream channel had a negative coefficient (-0.169), with agricultural production and was statistically significant at 5% level. The study identified some control measures in resolving effects of land degradation, such as adoption of good sanitation programme put in place by the government and dredging of river/stream channel and renovation of damage drainage. The study recommends that governments at all levels should create and implement strong policies to combat environmental degradation.

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Pages: 107-119

Cite this Article: EGBEADUMAH, M. O., ABALI, O. FIYINBU, E. , "EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN WUKARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 107-119 #JAEES

Authors: MADUKWE, J.C., ABAH, D. TSUE, T.P.

Abstracts: The study analysed challenges faced in accessing and utilizing microfinance services among women in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The population of this study consisted of all women in makurdi L.G.A. A sample size of 400 women was selcted for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result on the type of financial services women engaged in were loan/credit faculties (x 3.4), business/advisory/training ((x=3.2), savings services (x=3.1) and insurance service (x=3.1) with a grand mean of 3.2. The result on challenges women faced in accessing and effectively utilizing microfinance services were difficult loan processing procedures by microfinance banks/high interest rates by microfinance banks (x =3.3), lack of awareness of the benefits of credit facilities (x=3.0) and inadequate collateral security required from financial institutions (x=3.0) with a grand mean of 3.1. It was found that there were no significant challenges women faced in accessing and effectively utilizing microfinance services with a F-value (1626.277), being statistically significant at 5% (p<0.05). The study concludes that, micro-finance has a key role to play in advancing women empowerment in Makurdi LGA. Also, women in Makurdi LGA utilized micro finance banks for various services. It was recommended that, flexible repayment structures that align with women's income patterns should be implemented to ease financial pressure and ensure sustainability.

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Pages: 120-131

Cite this Article: MADUKWE, J.C., ABAH, D. TSUE, T.P. , "ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES FACED AMONG WOMEN IN ACCESSING AND UTILIZING MICROFINANCE SERVICES IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 120-131 #JAEES

Authors: ABDULLAHI, I. M., DANWANKA, H. A. OKWORI, E. J.

Abstracts: This study analysed safety practices among beef marketers in Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 70 beef marketers as sample size for the study, Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, costs and returns analysis. The result revealed that majority (91%) of the respondents were males, 58% of them fell within 31-40 years of age. The result also revealed that 65% were married, 25% singled and 3% widowed; 85% had one form of formal education or the other, while 45% had family size ranging from 11-15 persons. The results further revealed that, majority (51%) had 11-20 years of marketing experience, while 47% of the respondents had personal savings as the major source of capital. The multiple regression analysis showed that, education and training, monitoring and evaluation, foodborne illness outbreak, regulatory requirements and economic incentives were significant (p<0.5), hence the major determinants of adoption of safety practices by the beef marketers. The R² value of 0.854 implies that the independent variables were able to jointly explain about 85.4% of the variation in the dependent variable. A net return of N100.07k per kilogram of beef was obtained, showing that beef marketing was profitable in the study area. The major constraints identified were poor sales, inadequate capital and spoilage due to erratic power supply. The study concluded that beef marketers had satisfactory knowledge mainly on whether meat can be contaminated by poor handling and were aware that contaminated meat can cause illness. Regular informal food safety education, demonstration and hands-on training on meat safety is recommended for beef marketers. Food safety regulations should be enforced to the latter in order to protect human lives.

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Pages: 132-145

Cite this Article: ABDULLAHI, I. M., DANWANKA, H. A. OKWORI, E. J. , "ANALYSIS OF SAFETY PRACTICES AMONG BEEF MARKETERS IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 132-145 #JAEES

Authors: ADZENGA, J. I. ONYENKAZI, H. A.

Abstracts: The paper is an overview of the effects of communal conflicts and other forms of violence on rural women in Nigeria. The challenges faced by rural women and girls in Nigeria during conflicts and other forms of violence were extensively discussed by examining the various effects of communal conflicts on rural women in Nigeria such as physical effects, economic effects, socio-cultural effects, gender- based effects on access to services, effects on healths status and psychological / emotional effects. The paper also addressed the implication for rural and agricultural development in Nigeria, which are broadly categorized as food producers and active participants in the agrarian sectors, daily household maintenance tasks, small scale income generating activities and general contribution to the wellbeing of their rural community. Among other recommendations is for government to create an enabling environment to ensure women’s full participation in peace building and conflict resolution, including building capacity for women organizations, at the national, regional and international levels as well as putting in place an appropriate mechanism which could provide development opportunities and empower women in rural areas.

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Pages: 146-157

Cite this Article: ADZENGA, J. I. ONYENKAZI, H. A. , "AN OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF COMMUNAL CONFLICTS ON RURAL WOMEN IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 146-157 #JAEES

Authors: FAASEMA, J. J. CHIA, J. I.

Abstracts: A survey was conducted to assess adoption of agrochemicals among small-scale farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. The population of this study consisted of all small-scale farmers in the three Agricultural Zones of Benue State. A total of 210 respondents were selected as sample size for the study, using stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data for this study were collected from primary sources, with the use of wellstructured questionnaire. The Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Kruskal-Wallis and Factor analysis. The Results showed that most (41.1%) of the respondents fell within the age of 20-35 years. Majority (81.8 %) of the respondents were males and 63.5% of the respondents were married, while 19.7% had farm sizes of 5-6 hectares. It was also found that, 36.5% of the respondents had farming experience of 6-10 years, 85.2% did not have frequent contact with extension agents; 29.6% had annual income ranging from N100, 000- N200, 000. The results further revealed that most (59.6%) of the respondents used agrochemicals very frequently in their farming activities. It was found that there were three major categories of constraints to adoption of agrochemicals in Benue State, namely: Environmental, politico, technical know-how cum cultural constraints. It was concluded from the study that agrochemicals were widely adopted among rural farmers across the three Agricultural Zones and they found them to be beneficial. It was therefore recommended that the ratio of extension agents to farmers in the study area be increased for more coverage and effectiveness, and government agencies and agricultural input dealers responsible for the procurement and distribution of agrochemicals should ensure adequate, proper and timely distribution to the target end users at subsidized prices.

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Pages: 158-172

Cite this Article: FAASEMA, J. J. CHIA, J. I. , "ASSESSMENT OF ADOPTION OF AGROCHEMICALS AMONG SMALLSCALE FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 158-172 #JAEES

Authors: WO, B., ASHIKO, F. T. G. 3UMARU, D. A.

Abstracts: This study assessed effects of agricultural credit on cassava production among rural farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. A Multistage sampling technique was used to select 114 respondents. Data were collected via questionnaire and analysed using Descriptive and inferential statistics, t-test and profitability analysis were employed. The result revealed that land clearing and ridging accounted for the highest variable costs of N27,000.00 and N17,500.00 for beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, respectively. The total variable costs for beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries was N95,550.00 and N59,375 per hectare, while the total revenue was N219,365.00 and N90,395.00 per hectare, respectively. The gross margin for beneficiaries was N123,815.00, with benefits-cost ratio of 2.29, while gross margin for non-beneficiaries was N31,020, with benefits-cost ratio of 1.52 per hectare. Implying that credit beneficiaries realized a return of N2.29 for every one Naira in cassava production as against N1.52 for nonbeneficiaries. Cassava farming with the aid of credit facilities is more profitable in the study area (P<0.05). Major constraints hindering cassava production were cumbersome processes of lending credit (24.24%), unavailability of credit within the locality (21.21%), and lack of collateral by the lenders (25.15%). Conclusively, agricultural credit remains sine quo non to increased productivity and improved profit as well as living standards. It enhances the cassava farmers’ purchasing powers to enable them acquire more inputs and modern technologies for their cassava production. The study recommended relaxation of stringent application conditions and bureaucratic processes involved in processing agricultural credits; organization of educative seminars for cassava farmers on methods of acquiring credit should be encouraged by agricultural stakeholders; and cassava farmers should form effective cooperatives for easy provision of collaterals and access to credits.

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Pages: 173-186

Cite this Article: WO, B., ASHIKO, F. T. G. 3UMARU, D. A. , "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT ON PROFITABILITY OF CASSAVA PRODUCTION AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 173-186 #JAEES

Authors: NGU-UMA, K.B., EJEMBI, S.A. BERNARD-GBAGIR, S.

Abstracts: The study assessed effects of utilization of post-harvest technologies on social status of cereal crop farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of all cereal crop farmers in Benue State. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 215 respondents. Data for the study were collected using questionnaire and, interview schedule. Data for the study were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that 30.23 % of the respondents were within the age of 31- 40 years,67.44% were males, 75.35% were married, 61.40% acquired secondary education, 55.35% had household size of 6-10 persons, 54.88% belonged to cooperative society, 39.53% earned between ₦250,000 - ₦500,000 as annual income, 100% got their information from friends. Results on effects of utilization of post-harvest technologies on social status indicated that, the coefficient of storage (1.513849) and grading (.3125969) were significant at 1% level of probability, the coefficient of winnowing (1.77498) and sorting (.855591) were significant at 5% level of probability and the coefficient of fermentation (-.48133) was significant at 10% level of probability, respectively were the most effects of utilization of post- harvest technologies on social status of the respondents. Based on the findings of this research, the study concluded that, integration of post-harvest technologies into cereal farming has positively impacted the social status of farmers, enhancing their economic well-being, food security and community standing. The study recommended that farmers should be encouraged to adopt milling of rice as it adds more value to the products, increases its market prices as well as earns higher incomes and creates employment in rural areas.

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Pages: 187-200

Cite this Article: NGU-UMA, K.B., EJEMBI, S.A. BERNARD-GBAGIR, S. , "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF UTILIZATION OF POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGIES ON SOCIAL STATUS OF CEREAL CROP FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 187-200 #JAEES

Authors: ANTHONY, A.I., EJEMBI, S.A. OTENE, V.A.

Abstracts: This study assessed adoption of climate smart agricultural practices among crop farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. All crop farmers in Benue State formed the population of the study, of which 219 respondents were selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Primary data were used for the study, collected using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that, majority (54.34%) of the respondents were aged between 51-60 years. Female respondents were 55.25% of the sample. Majority (82.19%) of the respondents were married and 88.6% had formal education. Many of the respondents (47.03%) had farm sizes below 3 hectares and 69.49% of them had annual income of between N500,001- N750,000. Findings on the level of adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices in Benue State revealed that, crop rotation ( = 2.72), intercropping with legumes ( = 2.69), agroforestry (2.43), minimum tillage (2.39), conservation agriculture (=2.29), contour farming ( =2.27), use of safety nets ( =2.25), terracing ( =2.18), irrigation ( =2.15) and integrated nutrient management ( =2.16) were adopted. It was concluded that, rural farmers in the study area have adopted climatesmart agricultural practices in Benue State. It is recommended that, rural farmers should strive to adopt climate Smart Agricultural Practices that are not available within their locality, but useful in agricultural activities.

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Pages: 201-214

Cite this Article: ANTHONY, A.I., EJEMBI, S.A. OTENE, V.A. , "ASSESSMENT OF ADOPTION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG CROP FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 201-214 #JAEES

Authors: MAKARAU, S. B.

Abstracts: The study analyzed determinants of adoption of quality protein maize (QPM) among rural farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The respondents were registered quality protein maize farmers in Kaduna State. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that maize production in the study area was dominated (67.63%) by male farmers, with a mean age of 41 years. Majority (81.84%) of the maize farmers were married, with an average household size of 8 persons per household, about 79% of the maize farmers had are form of formal education or the others, with more than half (52.63%) of the maize farmers cultivatings farm size of 1-2 hectares. The maize farmers had an average of 19 years of maize farming experience, with majority (66.84%) cultivating the QPM for an average of 8 years. More than half (55.67%) of the maize farmers sources of QPM information was through extension services and farmers field days. Finding further indicated that access to credit (0.046), output (0.046) and relative advantage (0.046) were positive and significant (P<0.01), while farm size (0.024) and membership of cooperative societies (0.049) were positive and significant (P<0.05). Based on these findings, the study recommended that extension agents need to embark on more extension program and campaigns that will encourage farmers irrespective of gender to go into large scale QPM production. This will enable farmers to enjoy full benefits of the QPM production in terms of cheap protein sources and output (return to investment).

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Pages: 215-227

Cite this Article: MAKARAU, S. B. , "ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF ADOPTION OF QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 215-227 #JAEES

Authors: NGU-UMA, K.B., KUGHUR, P.G. BERNARD-GBAGIR, S.

Abstracts: The study assessed sources of information on post-harvest technologies and utilization among cereal crop farmers in Benue State. The population of the study consisted of all cereals farmers in Benue State. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 215 respondents. Data for the study were collected using questionnaire, interview schedule. Data for the study were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results on sources of information revealed that 100% got their information from friends. Results on level of use of post-harvest technologies showed that, winnowing(x=3.93), drying (x=3.86) and storage(x=3.78), respectively were the most used post-harvest processing technologies. Based on the findings of this research, the study concluded that there was high utilization of winnowing, may be attributed to the ease of the technology and farmers attempt to get quality grains for storage. The study recommended that, they should be more awareness on the use of social media platforms to obtain more information on the use of post-harvest technologies.

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Pages: 228-235

Cite this Article: NGU-UMA, K.B., KUGHUR, P.G. BERNARD-GBAGIR, S. , "ASSESSMENT OF SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGIES AND LEVEL OF UTILIZATION AMONG CEREAL CROP FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 228-235 #JAEES

Authors: EGOR, H.*, ASHIKO, F. T. G.* EDE-ALAKERE, L.

Abstracts: This study analyzed determinants of farmers' participation in agricultural cooperatives in Benue State, Nigeria. The research examined the socio-economic factors that influenced farmers' engagement in agricultural cooperatives; explored the influence of institutional support factors on farmers' involvement in agricultural cooperatives; examined how perceived benefits influence farmers' decisions to engage in agricultural cooperatives; and determined the overall satisfaction levels of farmers with their cooperative engagements as well as identified the constraints. Primary data were collected from 400 respondents through structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, correlation and Factor analysis were used to analyse data. Majority (72%) of the respondent were males, mostly (49.8%) within the age bracket of 31-40 years, with a mean age of 41.5 years. The result further showed that 64.2% are of respondents had formal education of 7-12 years, farming on average farm size of 3 hectares, with average annual income of ₦1,187,000. The result revealed that: age, gender, level of education, annual income, membership status, farm size, farming experience, years in cooperative, extension contact and off-farm income significantly correlate with the level of involvement in agricultural cooperatives. It was observed that subsidized input, training programs, institutional linkages, and provision for savings positively and significantly influenced farmers' involvement in agricultural cooperatives. The major perceived benefits included: access to inputs at subsidized rate, access to credit/loan facilities, redistribution of profits of cooperatives, collective bargaining for better market price, and supply of information on marketing opportunities. The perceived constraints were leadership issues, institutional challenges, and insufficient transportation. The study recommended that regular leadership development programs should be organized for cooperative leaders to enhance their leadership, management and communication skills; cooperatives should work toward improving their institutional linkages by forming partnerships with other stakeholders.

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Pages: 236-251

Cite this Article: EGOR, H.*, ASHIKO, F. T. G.* EDE-ALAKERE, L. , "ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF FARMERS' PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 236-251 #JAEES

Authors: ASANWANA, V. A. ULOH, C. O.

Abstracts: Gender disparity within agricultural extension systems continues to undermine institutional equity and workforce satisfaction, particularly in South-South Nigeria. This study analyzed gender mainstreaming practices and job satisfaction among agricultural extension agents in South-South Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 280 agricultural extension agents from public Agricultural Development Programmes across Akwa Ibom, Cross River and Rivers States. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results showed a moderate overall level of gender mainstreaming (x= 3.42), with high scores for equal participation (x=3.92), gender-integrated training (x=3.83) and female leadership (x=3.71), but only moderate implementation of gender budgeting (x=3.25), data collection (x=2.94) and monitoring (x= 3.12). Job satisfaction was also moderate (x=3.36), with females scoring higher (3.46 vs. 3.29, p = 0.033). The study concludes that institutionalized gender practices enhance satisfaction and recommends enhancing gender data and monitoring systems, improving gender-responsive budgeting, sustaining inclusive training and leadership, revising compensation, and adopting gender-sensitive motivation strategies to boost equity and staff satisfaction.

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Pages: 252-263

Cite this Article: ASANWANA, V. A. ULOH, C. O. , "ANALYSIS OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING PRACTICES AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGENTS IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 252-263 #JAEES

Authors: ABOH, J.A,. AGU-AGUIYI,F.N., ONKPE, M.A. KALU,U.

Abstracts: The study assessed utilization of post-harvest management practices among tomatoes farmers in Benue State, Nigeria., Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a sample size of one hundred and eighty (180) tomato farmers for the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (z-tests). Findings revealed that, the most effective post-harvest management practice used by the tomato farmers was storage in wooden crates or woven cane baskets(x =3.35), The Z-test result showed a significant differences in the effectiveness in utilization of traditional (x=2.179) and modern (x=1.436) post-harvest management practice, with a Z-calculated of (3.413), The Z-test result showed a significant differences in extent of utilization of traditional (x= 2.7933) and modern (x = 1.6071), Since Z-calculated of (3.208)*** was greater than the Z-tabulated of (1.96). The study concluded that traditional post-harvest management practices of tomatoes were the most effective and utilized in the study area, It was recommended that, government and technology developers should consolidate farmers' traditional knowledge to improve on post-harvest management practices to reduce spoilage of tomatoes in the study area.

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Pages: 264-273

Cite this Article: ABOH, J.A,. AGU-AGUIYI,F.N., ONKPE, M.A. KALU,U. , "ASSESSMENT OF UTILIZATION OF POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG TOMATO FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA.", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 264-273 #JAEES

Authors: WEYE, E. A., SOOM, A IGAH, P. R.

Abstracts: The study analyzed food security status among farming households in Ogbadibo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 100 respondents for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit regression. The result of socio-economic characteristics revealed that majority (67.0%) of the respondents were males, 64.1% were married, with mean age and household size of 35years and 4 persons, respectively. Majority (82.0%) of the respondents had farming experience of between 28 to 38 years. About 46.0% of the respondents were primarily civil servants as their major occupation, with mean annual income of ₦196,526.30. The result of the food security status revealed that,47.0% of the respondents consumed twice per day, 46.0% sometimes consumed meal with fish, egg or meat, 44.0% lack stable meal, while 53.0% sometimes consumed meal with vegetables. The result of logit regression revealed income (P<0.05), farming experience (P<0,05) and household size (P<0.01) were the significant factors influencing food security status of rural households. The result further revealed that, major coping strategies used by farming household against food insecurity were improvement in literacy (4.10), extension visits (3.76), sourcing for credit (3.57) and family planning (3.54). It was concluded that variables such as income, farming experience and household size significantly affected food security status of the respondents. It was recommended that Government should subsidize farming inputs, such as seeds and fertilizers and provide support for farmers to adopt climate-resilient farming practices.

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Pages: 274-290

Cite this Article: WEYE, E. A., SOOM, A IGAH, P. R. , "ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS AMONG FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN OGBADIBO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 274-290 #JAEES

Authors: KUGHUR, P. G., BERNARD-GBAGIR, S. KATIKPO, G.

Abstracts: The study analyzed information needs on climate smart agricultural practices among arable crop farmers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The Population of this study consisted of all arable crop farmers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting a sample size of 125 farmers. Primary data were collected using questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that majority (51.20%) of the respondents were males and 53.60% were at least 20 years old. The findings also showed that the existing information were on crop rotation (72%) and farmers needed information on climate change adaptation (60%), factors influencing information needs included motivation (61.60%) and prior knowledge (58.40%). Constraints to information needs were information overload (0.4868) and high cost of accessing internet (0.4723). It is recommended that, timely and accurate information on climate smart agriculture should be disseminated to the farmers by extension agents.

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Pages: 291-304

Cite this Article: KUGHUR, P. G., BERNARD-GBAGIR, S. KATIKPO, G. , "ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION NEEDS ON CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG ARABLE CROP FARMERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/June2025, Volume 12 - Issue 1, June, 2025, 291-304 #JAEES