ONLINE PAPER PUBLISHING - Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024

All listed papers are published after full consent of respective author or co-author(s).
For any discussion on research subject or research matter, the reader should directly contact the undersigned authors.

Authors: IGWE, S. O., ASOGWA, B. C. BIAM, C. K

Abstracts: This study analysed Short-run and Long-run Effects of Usage of Agrochemicals on Crop Output in Nigeria (1980-2020). Time series data of a period of 41 years (1980-2020) were used for the study. Data for the study were obtained from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT) database and World Bank database. The data for this study were analyzed using Autoregressive Distributive lag (ARDL) model. The study found that in the short run, crop output index was significantly influenced by fertilizers (0.066810) and pesticides (0.050620). In the long run, crop output index was significantly influenced by fertilizers (0.066810) and pesticides (0.049122), The study concludes that agrochemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) increase crop output both in short run and long run. The study recommends that Government should continue to put in place favourable agricultural policies that will help enhance crop production in Nigeria. This can be achieved through introduction of modern inputs such as specialized agrochemicals (fertilizers and pesticides).

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Pages: 01-14

Cite this Article: IGWE, S. O., ASOGWA, B. C. BIAM, C. K , "SHORT-RUN AND LONG-RUN EFFECTS OF USAGE OF AGROCHEMICALS", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 01-14 #JAEES

Authors: AGYO, Z. B., OBINNE, C. P. O., AGE, A. I. KUGHUR, P. G.

Abstracts: This study assessed Causes of Incessant Herdsmen-Arable Crop Farmers' Conflicts among Rural Farmers in Plateau and Taraba States, Nigeria. The population of this study consisted of arable crop farmers in Taraba and Plateau States. Stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 252 respondents as sample size. Data were collected from primary source with the use of structured questionnaire and were analyzed using both descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage as well as inferential statistics such as Kruskal-Wallis. Results obtained showed that 37.9 % of the respondents were between the ages of 41-50 years in Plateau and 41.41 % in Taraba States. Majority (51.6 %) of the respondents were males in Plateau and 79.69 % in Taraba States. Majority of the respondents were married, 79.84 % in Plateau and 83.59 % in Taraba States. Most (40.16%) of the respondents had household size of 6-10 persons in Plateau State and 58.54% in Taraba State. Majority of the respondents had 15 years and above farming experience (46.77 %) in Plateau State and 65.63 % in Taraba State. There was no significant difference between Plateau and Taraba States (P>0.05) in terms of causes of incessant herdsmen-arable crop farmers' conflicts, H-cal. (-58.5) < X2 Tab (11.1) at 0.05 level of probability. It was concluded that there were similar causes of incessant herdsmen-arable crop farmers' conflicts in both Plateau and Taraba States and most of the causes include unauthorized encroachment of farmland, lack of government policy on grazing, immigration of foreign Fulanis into Nigeria, adoption of pastoralism instead of ranching. The study, therefore, recommended that there should be good government policy on open grazing, there should be a control on immigration of foreign Fulanis into Nigeria and ranching should be encouraged.

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Pages: 15-29

Cite this Article: AGYO, Z. B., OBINNE, C. P. O., AGE, A. I. KUGHUR, P. G. , "ASSESSMENT OF CAUSES OF INCESSANT HERDSMEN- ARABLE CROP FARMERS' CONFLICTS AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN TARABA AND PLATEAU STATES, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 15-29 #JAEES

Authors: ANUGWO, S.C., EGWUE, O.L. OKONKWO, G.C.

Abstracts: A survey was conducted to assess effects of malaria on rural cassava farmers' income in Enugu State, Nigeria. It was found that most (29.16%) of the cassava farmers fell within the age range of 31-40 years, followed by 25.0% with a close age range of 41-50 years. Majority of the farmers (37.5%) had household size of 11-15 persons, indicating that there were fairly enough persons in cultivating cassava, which increases productivity and in turn improves affordability of malaria drugs. It was also found that 41.66% had annual income of ₦1,000,000 and below, followed by 29.16% of those who had annual income between ₦1,000,001-₦2,000,000. About 40% of the respondents had 30-44 days of incapacitation. It was also found that most of the farmers had malaria episodes which didn't last two months, as a results of many farmers using modern preventive measures and also 72.50% of the cassava farmers being aware of the modern preventive measures in the study area. From the linear functional form analysis, the R2 value of 0.830 shows that 83% change that occurred in the dependent variable can be explained by the explanatory variables. Age and transportation to healthcare facility was positive and significant at 5%, household size and farm size were all positive and significant at 10%, while waiting time before seeing a physician and down payment before commencement of treatment were both negative and significant at 10% level. It can be concluded that as age, transportation to healthcare facility, household size and farm size increased, productivity also increased, hence profits and hours before seeing a physician is reduced, and amount charged as down payment before treatment commences is reduced, it translates to more farm income for these cassava farmers who can now afford for themselves during incidences of malaria episodes preventive and curative drugs used for malaria treatment.

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Pages: 30-41

Cite this Article: ANUGWO, S.C., EGWUE, O.L. OKONKWO, G.C. , "EFFECTS OF MALARIA ON RURAL CASSAVA FARMERS' INCOME IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF AWGU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 30-41 #JAEES

Authors: BALOGUN, B.I., OMODARA, O.O. UGURU, C.

Abstracts: The study assessed women participation in homestead fish farming practices in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study adopted systematic sampling technique to select 48 homestead women fish farmers spread across Sabon Gari Local Government Area. Data were collected using a Structured questionnaire and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages, mean and ranking index. The result of the socio-economic characteristics of women homestead fish farmers in the study area shows that majority (47.96%) fell within the age bracket of 41-50 years, 66.7% had 4-7 adults per household, 100% of the respondents stocked catfish (Clarias specie), 89.58% engaged in monoculture practices, 95.83% were members of registered cooperative societies, while personal savings was the major source of finance amongst the female fish farmers. The result showed that majority (52.08%) of the women homestead fish farmers were engaged in fish farming with the priority of making profit, while 41.67% and 6.25% went into fish farming with the aim of augmenting family income and for household consumption. The study also revealed that women were involved in different activities of homestead farming with major participation in feeding of fish (x̄=2.99), cleaning of pond (x̄ = 2.98), changing of water (x̄= 2.97), medication (x̄=1.54) and spawning (x̄ =1.27). The grand participation mean was (x̄=2.13). The study showed that most women homestead fish farmers were faced with the following constraints in order of ranking: inadequate capital /credit facilities(1st) , high cost of fish feed(2nd), scarcity of fish Feed(3rd), unorganized market(4th) , water scarcity(5th), scarcity of fingerlings(6th), inadequate technical know how(7th), inadequate extension services(8th), lack of preservation/storage/processing facilities(9th), diseases, pests and predator infestation(10th). The study concludes that despite many benefits and potentials of homestead fish farming, women in the study area were faced with many challenges which impede their maximum participation in homestead fish farming activities. The study therefore, recommends that women in the study area should be assisted through sensitization and awareness programmes organized by the Extension units of Agricultural Training Institutes to address the challenges of homestead fish farming practices (particularly inadequate capital/credit facilities, high cost of feeds and scarcity of fish feed) and adopt improved fish pound management practices to ensure sustainable production that will boost women participation in homestead fish farming in the study area.

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Pages: 42-56

Cite this Article: BALOGUN, B.I., OMODARA, O.O. UGURU, C. , "FACTORS INFLUENCING FEMALE GENDER PARTICIPATION IN HOMESTEAD FISH FARMING PRACTICES IN SABON GARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 42-56 #JAEES

Authors: IGWE, S. O., ASOGWA, B. C. EZIHE, J. A. C.

Abstracts: This study analysed the Short-run and Long-run Effects of Usage of Agrochemicals on Enviromental Quality in Nigeria (1980-2020). Time series data of a period of 41 years (1980-2020) were used for the study. Data for the study were obtained from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT) database and World Bank database. The data for this study were analyzed using Autoregressive Distributive lag (ARDL) model. The study found that in the short run, environmental quality index was positive and significantly influenced by crop output index (0.599829), fertilizers (0.235207), pesticides (0.043312), agricultural labour use (0.833568), energy use (0.062696), crop residue burning (0.282066) and significantly influenced by cropped land (-0.380044). In the long run, environmental quality index was positive and significantly influenced by crop output index (0.542365), fertilizers (0.201273), pesticides (0.039163), agricultural labour use (0.753712), energy use (0.107679), crop residue burning (0.255044) and significantly influenced by cropped land (-0.343636). The study recommends that policy advocacy that will ensure that environmental degradation is reduced to its barest minimum should be advocated. Processes that increase greenhouse gas emissions and agrochemical poisoning should be avoided.

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Pages: 57-71

Cite this Article: IGWE, S. O., ASOGWA, B. C. EZIHE, J. A. C. , "SHORT-RUN AND LONG-RUN EFFECTS OF USAGE OF AGROCHEMICALS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN NIGERIA (1980-2020)", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 57-71 #JAEES

Authors: OGAH, O.M, ELLA, F.O. OLAGUNJU, I.O.

Abstracts: The study assessed socio-economic characteristics and patterns of savings and investment among cassava farmers in Ohimini Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria using multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Data for the study were collected from primary source through the use of well structured questionnaire. Results showed that most (35.0%) of the respondents were 48 years and above with mean age of 43.2 years, highly educated with 76.67% of them having one form of education or the other, predominantly married (73.33%) and mostly males (55.83%). Majority (68.33%) of the respondents have farming as the major source of income, with mean farming experience of 7.25 years and mean household size of 5 persons and with average annual farming income of N 398,775.00. They were mostly small scale farmers with mean farm size of 2.33 hectares and majority (93.33) do not have contact with extension agents. The study revealed that the savings patterns take the dimension of rotating savings, cooperatives society, religious groups, banks, saving at homes, daily contributions among others, while investment was on children education, purchase of agro-chemicals for farming activities, building of houses, purchase of shares and land, They also invested in purchase of farm machinery. The study therefore, concludes that cassava farmers do participate in savings and investment irrespective of their low income and earnings and have a high potential for contribution to overall growth of national domestic savings and investment in Nigeria. The study recommended that government should enhance accessibility to extension services as it is critical in improving cassava production, savings and investment among cassava farmers, farmers should form cooperative societies to enhance their chances of getting credit facilities so as to stimulate their interest to save and invest.

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Pages: 72-89

Cite this Article: OGAH, O.M, ELLA, F.O. OLAGUNJU, I.O. , "DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF SAVINGS AND INVESTMENTS AMONG CASSAVA FARMERS IN OHIMINI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 72-89 #JAEES

Authors: SOOM, A., ADU, V. M. AGULEBE, T.

Abstracts: The study assessed influence of rice cooperative societies on rice production in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The population of this study consisted of rice cooperative members in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select a sample size of 100 respondents. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 39 years. About 69% of the respondents were males and 67% married. About 71% of the respondents had formal education and 81% had no access to extension services. The average farm size was 3.2 hectares, household size of 5 persons and farming experience of 10 years. The results of the perceived benefits revealed access to credit facilities (x̄=3.12) and access to farm inputs (x̄=3.12). The result of linear regression analysis revealed that farm size (P < 0.05), amount of credit accessed (P < 0.05), fertilizer supplied (P < 0.01), extension contacts (P < 0.01) and years of membership (P < 0.01) were significant factors that influenced rice output. It is concluded that farm size, amount of credit accessed, fertilizer supplied, extension contacts and years of membership were significant factors that influenced rice output in the study area. The study recommended that quality extension service delivery that is capable of diffusing agricultural innovations to farmers should be provided. Also, financial institutions should educate cooperative societies on the requirements for accessing loan so as to enhance their productivity.

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Pages: 90-102

Cite this Article: SOOM, A., ADU, V. M. AGULEBE, T. , "ASSESSMENT OF INFLUENCE OF RICE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES ON RICE PRODUCTION IN GBOKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 90-102 #JAEES

Authors: TOR, A., AGE, A. I. SHAAKAA, C. K.

Abstracts: A survey was conducted to assess implementation of the Open Grazing Prohibition and Ranches Establishment Law (2017) and its effects on rural and agricultural development in Benue State, Nigeria. The population of this study comprises all farmers,State Assembly members, Volunteer Livestock Guards and Judiciary staff in Benue State. A sample size of 254 respondents was selected using stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources and were analyzed using inferential statistics such as, Kruskal Wallis and Factor analysis. The study revealed that over 400 farmers were being arrested for flouting the Anti-open Grazing and Ranches Establishment Law and the objectives of the law were not satisfactorily attained (p > 0.05). The Factor analysis results revealed that there were three major categories of constraints to compliance with Open Grazing Prohibition and Ranches Establishment Law namely: socioeconomic cum cultural constraints (Factor 1), administrative constraints (Factor 2) and political constraints (Factor 3). It was concluded that the Benue State Open Grazing Prohibition Law as laudable as the micro-objectives were, compliance with implementation of the law in Benue State has not been satisfactorily attained. The study recommended that more awareness campaigns should be created to all livestock farmers and strict implementation of the law should be enforced to ensure maximum compliance.

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Pages: 103-115

Cite this Article: TOR, A., AGE, A. I. SHAAKAA, C. K. , "ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OPEN GRAZING PROHIBITION AND RANCHES ESTABLISHMENT LAW (2017) AND ITS EFFECTS ON RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 103-115 #JAEES

Authors: ADU, V.M, IHEANACHO A.C. ATAGHER, M.M. NYIATAGHER, Z.T., OKEKE, A.M. OKOLI, N. G.,

Abstracts: A comparative analysis was carried out to compare food security status of areas with insurgency and areas without insurgency in Benue State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 383 farmers in areas affected by insurgency and 200 farmers in areas not affected by insurgency. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that both populations lacked access to credit facilities, healthcare, extension services and pipe borne water and were not members of cooperative societies. Food security index analysis indicates that over 50% of both farming population were not food secured in the study area. Similarly, results of the independent sample t-test revealed that there was no significant difference in the food security index of both farmers in areas affected by insurgency and those in areas not affected by insurgency. It was concluded that, there is a trend where farmers not affected by insurgency might have a slightly better food security status compared to those affected by insurgency. It was, therefore recommended that, there should be improvement in household food security by expanding emergence of food and nutrition programs in the study area. Besides, home gardening, poultry, small livestock projects and cooperatives should be supported to enhance continuous food availability and affordability, so as to provide continuous food sources in Benue State, Nigeria. Moreso, establishing community food banks and cooperatives can enhance food availability and affordability.

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Pages: 116-133

Cite this Article: ADU, V.M, IHEANACHO A.C. ATAGHER, M.M. NYIATAGHER, Z.T., OKEKE, A.M. OKOLI, N. G., , "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF AREAS WITH INSURGENCY AND AREAS WITHOUT INSURGENCY IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 116-133 #JAEES

Authors: WEYE, E.A., SOOM, A. UGWU, H.I.

Abstracts: This study was conducted to analyze economics of cashew processing and marketing in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 100 cashew processors and marketers. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Gross margin analysis and linear regression. The results on socio-economics of cashew processors and marketers revealed that their mean age was 35 years and more than half (59.0%) of the respondents were females. About 49.0% of the respondents were married, while 100% of the processors and marketers had formal education. The mean household size and marketing experience were 6 persons and 9 years, respectively. Result on gross margin analysis revealed that cashew processing and marketing was profitable with an average gross margin of ₦63,516.9040 in the study area. The results on linear regression analysis revealed that age, education, processing and marketing experience, amount of cashew nut and capital significantly influenced cashew processing and marketing (P≤0.01), while household size significantly influenced cashew nut processing and marketing (P≤0.10). The study concluded that cashew processing and marketing in the study area was profitable. It was recommended that processors and marketers of cashew should seek for more improved production practices so as to improve on level of production to obtain higher profits. Also, government and Nongovernmental organizations should assist farmers in providing farming inputs so as to increase their productivity.

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Pages: 134-161

Cite this Article: WEYE, E.A., SOOM, A. UGWU, H.I. , "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CASHEW PROCESSING AND MARKETING IN OTUKPO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 134-161 #JAEES

Authors: WEYE, E. A. BOGBENDA, A

Abstracts: This study was carried out to analyze cost implications of Human Immuno- Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) scourge on farming households in North Central Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a total sample size of 408 respondents. Structured questionnaire was employed to collect primary data. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics and cost of illness approach. The results obtained showed that majority (68.6%) of the respondents were males and married (64.0%) with average household size of 9 persons. Majority (83.1%) of the household heads were primary or secondary school holders and 51.1% had farming as the major occupation. Land ownership was mainly through inheritance (66.9%), while majority (87.5%) of farm sizes ranged from 1.0 – 6.0 hectares. Majority (65.69%) of the respondents had annual farm incomes ranging from N100,000 – N200,000 and a similar pattern of off–farm incomes. The average cost of HIV/AIDS treatment in orthodox health facilities was N23,118.07 per household per annum. The costliest items paid for were bed charges (22.28 %), drugs (21.89%) excluding Anti-Retroviral Therapy drugs and feeding (20.98%). Households on the average spent N5,850 on HIV prevention. The total direct cost of HIV/AIDS per household per year was N28,968.07(24.43%), while the indirect cost amounted to N89,609.40 (75.51 %). The study concludes that HIV and AIDS constitute a heavy financial and economic burden on households through catastrophic health expenditures and adversely reduce farm productivity. Social security programmes like National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to poor households to help their smooth consumption in the face of HIV/AIDS is recommended.

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Pages: 150-161

Cite this Article: WEYE, E. A. BOGBENDA, A , "ANALYSIS OF COST IMPLICATIONS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME SCOURGE ON FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN THE NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 150-161 #JAEES

Authors: YANJOH, E.T., VER, A., GESA, T. R., AJON, A. T. UKAAN, S.

Abstracts: This paper examined the disparity between rural and urban areas in terms of basic infrastructural facilities in Benue State, most of which are concentrated in urban centres only. Rural infrastructure are physical, social and institutional forms of capital, which enable rural dwellers to perform their production, processing, marketing or distribution activities much better. The paper is an overview of deficient rural infrastructural development in Benue State, effects on post-harvest losses, types of rural infrastructure, the present status of rural infrastructure, problem affecting provision of rural infrastructure and implications such as lack of transportation network that lead to breakdown of vehicles, poor storage and packaging facilities, deficiency of adequate agro-based industries, reduced income of rural farmers and poor marketing facilities. It was recommended that the government, non- governmental organizations (NGOs) as well as private individuals should as a matter of urgency provide rural infrastructure for rural people. There is need to mobilize rural people to form cooperative societies in their rural areas so as to pool their resources together with which they can embark on self-help rural development projects in Benue State.

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Pages: 162-173

Cite this Article: YANJOH, E.T., VER, A., GESA, T. R., AJON, A. T. UKAAN, S. , "AN OVERVIEW OF DEFICIENT RURAL INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS AND REMEDIES.", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2024, Volume 10 - Issue 2, September, 2024, 162-173 #JAEES