ONLINE PAPER PUBLISHING - Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition

All listed papers are published after full consent of respective author or co-author(s).
For any discussion on research subject or research matter, the reader should directly contact the undersigned authors.

Authors: ABOLARIN, S.S, ATER, P.I, EZIHE, J.A.C UMEH, J.C

Abstracts: This study analyzed the trends of effects of policy instruments on importation of selected food items in Nigeria, from 1980 to 2017. The objective of the study is to compare the trends the effects of policy instruments on importation of selected food items in Nigeria between 1980 and 2017.The study used annual time series data obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) on quantity of rice, sugar and wheat imported during the period under review. Growth model was employed for this study. Augmented Dickey Fuller test was used for stationarity test for all the variables. The result revealed that rice (2.355); sugar (5.644) and wheat (3.151) importations accelerated and grossly depleted the Federal Reserve's over the period under review. The foreign reserves which would have been used for importation of capital goods for the improvement of infrastructure were critically diminished. The study concludes that local production of rice, sugar and wheat should be boosted in order to keep pace with local demand. Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) through Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD), public private partnership (PPP) and nongovernmental organization, (NGOs) should put appropriate policy in place to provide improved seeds/seedlings, agro-chemicals, materials and technologies critically needed to cultivate over 34 million hectares of agrarian lands in Nigeria for improved crop yields and increased production. This will lead to import substitution and, thus, the freeing of critically needed foreign reserves for capital accumulation resulting in infrastructural development. The latter is very much needed for the inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) which will result in job recreation and intensified fight against youth criminality and general poverty alleviation.

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Pages: 01-13

Cite this Article: ABOLARIN, S.S, ATER, P.I, EZIHE, J.A.C UMEH, J.C , "TREND ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS ON IMPORTATION OF SELECTED FOOD ITEMS IN NIGERIA: 1980-2017", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 01-13 #JAEES

Authors: ADAH, O. C.; AKOR, J. A. AND NEGEDU, T. O

Abstracts: The study analyzed the constraints to adoption of improved oil palm fruit processing technologies in Kogi State, Nigeria. Using multistage sampling technique, a sample of 240 oil palm fruit processors was selected from three out of four agricultural zones of the state. Data for the study were collected through the use of structured questionnaire. Mean score was used for data analysis. Results show that 63.75% did not adopt the improved processing technologies. Findings also indicated that lack of capital (x=4.3) ranked as the extremely serious constraint, followed by exorbitant cost of the technologies (x=4.2) and exorbitant cost of fuel (x = 4.0). Inadequate technical know-how (x =3.91); high transport cost (x = 3.8) and inadequate extension service (x= 3.7) also ranked very serious problems. Other problems that werejust serious included inefficiency of processing technology (x = 3.43), inappropriate method of processing (x = 3.43) and health problems (x = 3.41). Based on the identified constraints, it was recommended that Government and financial institutions should give sumptuous credit facilities to the farmers/processors in the oil palm ventures, among others.

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Pages: 14-23

Cite this Article: ADAH, O. C.; AKOR, J. A. AND NEGEDU, T. O , "CONSTRAINTS TO ADOPTION OF IMPROVED OIL PALM FRUIT PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 14-23 #JAEES

Authors: AGBAREVO, M.N.B. NWOKOCHA, I. N.

Abstracts: The study assessed perception and utilization of turmeric among the households in Abia State, Nigeria. Amulti-stage sampling technique was used to elicit data for the study. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaire from a sample size of 120 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that majority (72.50%) of the respondents were females, 68.33% of the respondents were married and 64.17% of the respondents had household size of between 4 and 8 persons. The grand mean of respondents' perception was 2.18 on a 3point rating scale. This implied that, generally, the respondents had positive perception of health and nutritional benefits of turmeric. Hypothesis which stated that there is no significant relationship between respondents' perception of health and nutritional benefits of turmeric and utilization showed significant relationship. The null hypothesis was rejected at 1% and 5% significant levels. Therefore, the study concluded that the respondents had positive perception but poorly utilized turmeric. It is recommended that members of households should utilize turmeric for treatments of wounds and other health issues, preparation of food, colouring agents, and preparation of cosmetics (body soap and cream)for healthy living since there was positive perception.

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Pages: 24-35

Cite this Article: AGBAREVO, M.N.B. NWOKOCHA, I. N. , "ASSESSMENT OF PERCEPTION AND UTILIZATION OF TURMERIC AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 24-35 #JAEES

Authors: AMUSA, T. A; OFFOR, E. I ANOLIEFO, D. C

Abstracts: The study examined the welfare and cassava processors' willingness-to-engage modern technologies in cassava processing in Abia State. A multi stage and random sampling technique were used to select 144 cassava processors as the respondents for the study. Data for the study were collected through personal contacts with the processors using closed-ended structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using chart, mean, Ordinary Least Squares regression and probit model analysis. The results of the study showed that garri (100%), akpu/fufu (90%) and abacha (59%) are most cassava derivatives produced by the processors in the study area. Some of the traditional technologies use in cassava processing in the area include: the use of kitchen knife (3.64±0.68), using local bowl for washing (3.63±0.51), cassava tubers fermentation in bowls (3.53±0.53) and the use of firewood as major source of energy (3.80±0.48). Some of the modern technologies in use for cassava processing in the area include: the use of motorized grater (3.88±0.47), pressure jack for dewatering (3.92±0.48), and parallel board for pressing and dewatering (3.85±0.44). Sex, age, education, household size, income and access to credit were significant factors influencing cassava processors' welfare status in the area. On the other hand, age, education, household size, income and access to credit are the significant factors influencing the processors' willingness-to-engage modern cassava processing technologies. Based on the findings, the study recommended extension of financial assistance to cassava processors in the form of grants and loan in order to enable them engage modern cassava processing technologies for improved production, income and consequently better welfare.

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Pages: 36-51

Cite this Article: AMUSA, T. A; OFFOR, E. I ANOLIEFO, D. C , "WELFARE AND PROCESSORS' WILLINGNESS TO ENGAGE MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN CASSAVA PROCESSING IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 36-51 #JAEES

Authors: ATAGHER, M.M. WAZIRI, P.R.

Abstracts: This study has undertaken a comparative analysis of cassava enterprises by women farmers involved in the Benue Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and non-ADP women farmers. The main objective of the study was to assess the contribution of the Benue ADP to rural welfare and poverty reduction in the study area. Primary data for study were obtained using structured questionnaire administered to 87 ADP and 87 non-ADP respondents within the study area. Data analysis was through descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, frequency distribution, and percentages), gross margin analysis, and the ordinary least square multiple regression technique. Comparative analysis of respondents' gross margins using t-tests showed that there was a significant difference between ADP and non-ADP gross margins because calculated t-value (108.4) was greater than critical value (1.645) at 5% level of significance. Significant variables in ADP respondents' gross margin regression were amount of output (Q), price of output (Pq), processing costs (Cp) and transport costs (Ct). Similarly, significant determinants of non-ADP respondents' gross margin were output (Q), price of output (Pq) and transport costs (Ct).Consequently, enabling respondents' access to better transport and processing facilities, better prices for their output and provision of production inputs would tend to maximize gross margin, improve welfare and reduce poverty in the study area.

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Pages: 52-65

Cite this Article: ATAGHER, M.M. WAZIRI, P.R. , "GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF CASSAVA ENTERPRISES BY PROJECT AND NON--PROJECT WOMEN FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 52-65 #JAEES

Authors: ALI, A., ABU, G.A. AYE, G.C

Abstracts: The study examined the structural analysis of rice traders in Taraba State, Nigeria. Primary data were used in sampling 179 traders for this study. Analytical tools were simple descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and percentages and inferential statistics like t-test, an ova and regression analysis to determined influences of socio-economic characteristics on gross margin (performance). The estimated gross margin for influence of socio-economic characteristic revealed that educational status (P< 0.05), years in marketing (P<0.05), years of membership and starting capital (P<0.01), had positive influence on gross margin (performance) of the respondents. The result of (ANOVA) showed there is a significant difference in efficiency level of rice marketing among the three groups at 1% significant level. The study recommended that market margin should be used in measuring performance

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Pages: 66-74

Cite this Article: ALI, A., ABU, G.A. AYE, G.C , "STRUCTURALANALYSIS OF RICE MARKETERS IN TARABA STATE", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 66-74 #JAEES

Authors: GIDADO, E.H. BULUS, G. ; SOOM, A

Abstracts: The study analyzed the risk and mitigating strategies employed by poultry farmers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. Primary data were collected from 100 farmers using multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and t-statistics were used to analyze the data. Specifically, descriptive statistics was used to analyse socioeconomic characteristics of respondents, identify the various types of risks affecting farmers and identify the constraints to poultry production, while t-test was used to assess the risk mitigating strategies employed by poultry farmers. The result revealed that most of the farmers are in their active age (41 years), with an average household size of 6 persons and the mean flock size of 511 birds. The result shows that the three most important risks in poultry production were; disease epidemic (89%), environmental related risks (88%) and change in market price (69%). The result also revealed that the major risk mitigating strategies by the farmers in the study area includes vaccination, fumigation of poultry house and employment of veterinary attendants. However, environmental-related factors, cost of feeds and disease epidemics were the major constraints to poultry production. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are made; government and non-governmental organizations should ensure effective policy formulation to reduce the risks faced, improve risk mitigation strategies faced by respondents in the study area. Also poultry farmers should be encouraged by the government through supply of loans and good insurance policies.

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Pages: 75-83

Cite this Article: GIDADO, E.H. BULUS, G. ; SOOM, A , "ANALYSIS OF RISKS AND MITIGATING STRATEGIES EMPLOYED AMONG POULTRY FARMERS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 75-83 #JAEES

Authors: NWALEM, M. P., ONUIGBO, I., DJOMO, R. F.

Abstracts: This study analysed the effect of government infrastructural spending (roads and water supply) on cassava output in Nigeria (1980-2014). Data were collected from secondary source and were analysed using ordinary least square.The result shows that the coefficient of 2 determination (R ) was 0.725 indicating that 72.5% of the variation in cassava output was explained by government expenditures on water supply and roads. The result also showed that the coefficient of government expenditure on roads (822.76) was positive and significant at 5% level of probability.The result further showed that the coefficient of government expenditure on roads (822.76) was positive and significant at 5% level of probability.The result of the effect of increase in government expenditures on roads and water supply on cassava output by 5%shows that the simulated value of cassava (scenario 1) ranges between 20542720 to 47604530 tons with a mean of 30486424 tons and standard deviation of compared to the baseline which ranges between 20533640 to 46306800 tons with a mean of 30003839 tons and standard deviation of 11251794.The result of the effect of increase in government expenditures on roads and water supply on cassava output by 10%shows that the simulated value of cassava (scenario 2) ranges between 20515490 to 43711330 tons with a mean of 29038667 tons and standard deviation of 10126614 compared to the baseline which ranges between 205336406306800 tons with a mean of 30003839 tons and standard deviation of 11251794.It was therefore recommended that more investment should be done on infrastructure (roads and water supply) since itpositively affect cassava output significantly.

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Pages: 84-91

Cite this Article: NWALEM, M. P., ONUIGBO, I., DJOMO, R. F. , "EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT INFRASTRUCTURAL SPENDING (ROADS AND WATER SUPPLY) ON CASSAVA OUTPUT IN NIGERIA: 1980-2014", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 84-91 #JAEES

Authors: NWOKOCHA I. N., IGWE C.O.K., ONWUSIRIBE, S.C

Abstracts: The study analyzed gender adoption level of improved cassava production technologies in Abia State, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected from a sample size of 120 respondents through the use of questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that female farmers had mean age of 35 years while the male farmers had mean age of 36.2 years, the mean of education level was 12 years in both genders, the mean of household size was 5 and 7 persons for females and males respectively. The result revealed that adoption level of improved cassava production technologies for females'grand mean was 2.47 while the grand mean for the males showed 2.44. The result revealed that high labour cost (91.67%) in both genders was the major constraint militating against gender adoption of improved cassava production technologies, followed by high cost of fertilizer for females (78.33%) and low financial base for males (70.00%). The result of regression analysis showed that age, education level, participation in activities of association, household size, and farming experience were significant in both genders at 10%, 5% and 1% alpha levels. The study therefore, concluded that both genders had high level of adoption of improved cassava production technologies. It is recommended that younger female and male farmers should adopt improved cassava production technologies for increased productivity of cassava in Abia State.

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Pages: 92-102

Cite this Article: NWOKOCHA I. N., IGWE C.O.K., ONWUSIRIBE, S.C , "GENDER ANALYSIS OF ADOPTION LEVEL OF IMPROVED CASSAVA PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 92-102 #JAEES

Authors: OBI , S.I., G.A. ABU , C.K. BIAM

Abstracts: The aim of this study was to analyse Nigeria's agricultural policies and export trade performance from 1970-2016 using secondary data consisting of annual time series on agricultural commodity trade obtained from the United Nations Comtrade database. Simple descriptive statistics, and the quadratic growth model which allowed for non-linearity in change patterns was used in the analysis to ascertain the direction and growth rate of Nigeria's agricultural exports in different administrative regimes divided into two major policy periods, with 1970-1998 as the first period, and 1999-2016 as the second period. The average value of Nigeria's agricultural exports was 1392.71 million USD over the study period, 369.38 million USD in the first policy period, and 3040.44 million USD in the second policy period. The difference in agricultural exports between the two policy periods was significant at 5% level, t(17.04)=-2.4074, p-value=0.0277, d=0.85. Instantaneous Growth rate was 8.86% in the first policy period, and 74.03% in the second period. Furthermore, the coefficient at trend squared in the first policy period was negative and significant at 5% level (t= -4.502, p=.0001), while in the second policy period, it was also negative but not significant at 5% level (t= 1.422, p=0.01756).The study recommends increased funding of existing agricultural programmes built around input supply and distribution, credit support, export promotion of non-traditional value-added products, trade facilitations and the development of critical infrastructures that will improve trade logistics and consequently ease exports. There is need for a domestic trade policy adjustment to reflect the new global trading order that is characterised by technological changes, proliferation of free trade and preferential trade agreements. Lastly, the study recommends the harmonizationof the country's agricultural development policies which appear duplicated and experimental across different administrative regimes

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Pages: 103-130

Cite this Article: OBI , S.I., G.A. ABU , C.K. BIAM , "NIGERIA'S AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND AGRICULTURAL EXPORT TRADE PERFORMANCE: 1970-2016", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 103-130 #JAEES

Authors: OFFOR, E. I., EFEDUA, J. C. OBINNA, J. C

Abstracts: This study examined the resource use efficiency of waterleaf farmers in Isialangwa South, Abia State. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select 50 waterleaf farmers. Primary data were collected with aid of structured questionnaire and scheduled interview. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study revealed the mean age, household size, farming experience and farm size of the respondents were 25years, 5persons, 11.56years and 1.79ha respectively. The net income from waterleaf production was ₦98,985.44 and the variables that influenced it were cost of seed, labour, manure/fertilizer, farm size, farming experience, household size and educational level of the farmers. Waterleaf farmers underutilized manure/fertilizer and overutilized labour and pesticides. The average productivity level of the farmers was1.63 kg/₦. The study identified perishability, pest and disease attack as the major constraints that militated against waterleaf production. The study recommends that farmers in the study area should use more of seed and fertilizer/manure resources and integrated pest and disease management practice, since pest and disease problem persist despite the overuse of pesticides.

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Pages: 131-144

Cite this Article: OFFOR, E. I., EFEDUA, J. C. OBINNA, J. C , "RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY AND DETERMINANTS OF WATERLEAF PRODUCTION IN ISIALANGWA SOUTH, ABIA STATE", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 131-144 #JAEES

Authors: OMALE, A.E., ADAH, O.C. & AKOR, J.A.

Abstracts: The study analyzed the perception of farmers on the agricultural extension service delivery in Kogi State, Nigeria. Using multistage sampling procedure, a sample of 120 contact farmers was selected for the study. Data for the study were collected using well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation were used for data analysis. Results show that the contact farmers perceived that the extension service rendered were not always tailored to farmers' needs(x=2.80), among others. Also, inadequate number of extension agents(x=2.72) and equipment/teaching materials for effective job performance(x=2.61) were major constraints to extension service delivery. It was therefore recommended, among others, that adequate number of extension staff should be employed by government for efficient agricultural extension service delivery. Keywords: Farmers, Perception, Extension, Service Delivery.

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Pages: 145-153

Cite this Article: OMALE, A.E., ADAH, O.C. & AKOR, J.A. , "PERCEPTION OF FARMERS ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE DELIVERY IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA.", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 145-153 #JAEES

Authors: ONUWA, G.C ., ASOGWA, B.C ., ABU, O. ADEMILUYI, I.O.

Abstracts: Off-farm investments have become an important component of livelihood strategies among rural households in most developing countries; this study therefore analyzed the determinants that influence the direction of off-farm investments. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were adopted in selecting 445 respondents for this study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Binary logistic regression model. The result revealed that 35.96% of respondents were aged between 35-49 years; 62.5% were male; 44.27% were married; 38.2% had household size between 6 - 9 people; 33.03% had no formal education; 40.9% had farm experience of ≥11years; most (82.7%) had farm size between 1 - 5 hectares; 48.31% earned annual farm income of ₦300,000 - ₦599,000; 56.18% earned annual nonfarm income of ≤₦199,000 and 35.51% had annual farm output of ≤499 kilograms. Furthermore, the prevalent type of off-farm investments was agricultural wage employment on other people's farm (18.2%) and farmers invested in off-farm activities for various reasons. 2 The estimate of coefficient of determination (R ) was 0.714; indicative of the 71.4% variation in off-farm investment decisions. Policy formulation to improve access to off-farm investments, provide educational and vocational training, ensure sustainable off-farm investments and remunerative income are recommended.

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Pages: 154-170

Cite this Article: ONUWA, G.C ., ASOGWA, B.C ., ABU, O. ADEMILUYI, I.O. , "DETERMINANTS OF OFF-FARM INVESTMENTS AMONG FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 154-170 #JAEES

Authors: TAVERSHIMA, T., BIAM, C. K. GIDADO, E. H.

Abstracts: This study analyzed the impact of poverty on food security of rural farming households in Benue State, Nigeria. Simple and stratified sampling techniques were employed in selecting a sample size of 360 rural farming households. Data were collected using structured questionnaire administered on the respondents and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages and inferential statistics such as food security and poverty indices. Results of data analysis revealed that majority (53.9%) of the respondents were in their active, energetic and productive age (31 – 50 years). Most (37.8%) respondents had large household size of 6 – 10 members with an average of 8 persons, low annual income (47.2%) and a farm size of over 3.1 hectares (39.7%). Majority of the respondent households were male-headed (84.2%), had a farm output of over 1500 kg (52.8%) and at least primary education (69.4%). The result of food security status showed that majority (56.4%) of the rural farming households were food insecure. The result of poverty analysis showed that 73.3 percent of the rural farming household heads were poor. Finally, the result revealed that all the food insecure rural farming households were poor. Hence, it was deduced that, as the impact, poverty was the major cause of food insecurity among the rural farming households in the study area. Based on these findings, it was recommended that, proactive policy in birth control, rural education, skill training and empowerment, rural industrialization and food mediated poverty reduction programmes should be adopted as food security efforts of the government.

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Pages: 171-183

Cite this Article: TAVERSHIMA, T., BIAM, C. K. GIDADO, E. H. , "IMPACT OF POVERTY ON FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 171-183 #JAEES

Authors: TAVERSHIMA, T., OLAGUNJU, I. O. OVAT, K. E.

Abstracts: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were developed in the post – 2015 Development Agenda as the future global development framework to succeed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which ended in 2015.The SDG 2, of ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture among othersis an articulated drive to be actualized by 2030. The question however is, to what extent have Nigeria food- mediated policies overtime with the existing realities been able to address the food question in the country, as well as using it as a development strategy towards the attainment of the SDG 2 by 2030? In articulating an answer to this question, the work was situated within the Malthusian theoretical framework, using food production and other economic variables, and also examined the factors influencing the food deficit profile of Nigeria amid the country's teeming population. The data used in this study were obtained from various publications from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International monetary fund (IMF), World Bank, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and International Foundation for Science (IFS). These spanned between 1988 and 2018. The data were subjected to percentage and growth rate analyses. The results of the study revealed that agricultural productivity comes from sector-wide and commodity – specific investments with well – planned agricultural policies. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that, for the government to step up food production and articulate her SDG objectives, domestic food production against high food imports should be promoted through the provision of credit to farmers, irrigation and storage facilities, subsidized inputs, agricultural research and insurance; economic and food production policies should be reoriented to ensure improved income and consumption for both the poor and the malnourished; there should be an integrated approach to rural development, where the bulk of the nation's food is produced; and market regulations and infrastructure should be used to check fluctuation in food prices.

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Pages: 184-203

Cite this Article: TAVERSHIMA, T., OLAGUNJU, I. O. OVAT, K. E. , "NIGERIA'S FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMMES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL OF ACHIEVING ZERO HUNGER BY 2030.", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 184-203 #JAEES

Authors: TOR, L.G. , HARUNA, A. Z. , USHIE, T. F. , VIHI, K. S

Abstracts: The study was carried out in Chikun LGA of Kaduna State to assess residents' awareness and perception of clean cooking energy and its implication on environmental conservation. A total of 120 respondents were used for the study. The respondents were randomly selected from six (6) out of the eleven (11) districts of Chikun LGA. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency & percentages while the hypothesis was tested using chi square. The result obtained indicated that 81.7% of the respondents were female, 89.3% literate, 54.2% were in household of 6-10 persons & 83.4% had annual income levels below N500,000. Result further showed 74.2% of the respondents used one of the clean cooking energy sources, 30% were aware of the term clean cooking energy while 46% perceived that clean cooking energies are not affordable. Result of hypothesis showed household size (.000), educational level (.000) and annual income of the respondents (.000) all had significant relationship with their choice of Cooking Energy. It is recommended that; Environmentalist, Conservationist and other stakeholders increase awareness creation about clean cooking energy; clean cooking energy dealers should make their products readily available for residents while government should subsidize clean cooking energy sources to encourage usage by the public.

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Pages: 204-213

Cite this Article: TOR, L.G. , HARUNA, A. Z. , USHIE, T. F. , VIHI, K. S , "AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF CLEAN COOKING ENERGY AND ITS IMPLICATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION: CASE STUDY OF CHIKUN LGA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 204-213 #JAEES

Authors: TOR, L. G., VIHI, S. K., USHIE, T. F., HARUNA, A. Z

Abstracts: The study was carried out to examine the role of perception on youth agricultural career choice and its implication for sustainable agricultural development in Kaduna Metropolis. Youths in Kaduna Metropolis formed the population of the study, out of which 100 respondents from 3 tertiary institutions in the Metropolis were selected using purposive and random sampling techniques. Primary data were used for the study, collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that majority of the respondents were male (63.0%), aged between 21 and 30 years (62.0%), had previously being engaged in farming (77.0%), scored 181-200 points in UTME (60.0%) and preferred agricultural courses (77.0%). The respondents' knowledge of agricultural career opportunities shows that majority had knowledge of teaching career (x=3.0), Agricultural entrepreneurial career (x=2.98), agricultural marketing career (x=2.96) and agricultural engineering career (x=2.84). The results of the respondents' perception about agricultural career choice shows that most young people no longer perceive agricultural careers as difficult task (x=2.28) or not prestigious (x=2.19). Result of the hypothesis shows students JAMB scores (.044) had significant effect on youth career choice. It was recommended that young farmer club be introduced in institutions of learning to sustain interest and awareness about agriculture while scholarships be given to deserving agricultural students whose parents or sponsors have financial challenges.

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Pages: 214-222

Cite this Article: TOR, L. G., VIHI, S. K., USHIE, T. F., HARUNA, A. Z , "ROLE OF PERCEPTION IN YOUTH AGRICULTURAL CAREER CHOICE AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF KADUNA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 214-222 #JAEES

Authors: VIHI, S. K ., TOR, L.G. ,JESSE B ., DALLA A.A. , OWA, G.T. SHEKARAU, T. , SADIKU, Y

Abstracts: This study analyzed poultry farmers' participation in Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Scheme in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. One hundred and thirty six (136) poultry farmers were sampled for the study. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaire and interview schedule and were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study show that majority (65%) of the respondents were males and had a mean age of 44 years. Majority(90%) of the respondents were married and had a mean household size of 5 persons. The study also showed that 50% of the farmers had tertiary education, a mean farming experience of 9 years and average stock size of 1795 birds. The result also shows that 71% of the respondents did not belong to any farmers' association and 73% had no contact with extension services. The result further shows that 79% of the respondents had no access to credit for their farming enterprise. On awareness and participation in agricultural insurance scheme, 70% of the respondents were aware of the existence of Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS), however only 31% of the farmers' participated in the insurance scheme. The logit regression result shows that age (-.0538), sex (-.7837), access to credit (1.2366) and membership of association (-1.2068) were found to be significant factors influencing farmers' participation in NAIS. Major constraints to participation in NAIS by poultry farmers' include; rigorous procedure in indemnity payment (79%), high cost of premium (74%), delay in assessment of losses (70.5), inadequate knowledge of insurance (40%),disbelieve in insurance companies (29%) and low compensation (26%). In order to strengthen participation in agricultural insurance scheme, the study recommended that NAIC should ensure prompt and timely payment of compensation (indemnity). By so doing it will boost the confidence and trust among the farmers who do not have absolute confidence in the insurance scheme. NAIC should also review downward the amount of premium paid by the farmers to a more affordable and attractive level. This will encourage the continued participation of new and existing farmers in the insurance system. NAIC should ensure prompt and timely assessment of losses for onward compensation. NAIC and the Government should step up awareness campaigns to educate more farmers about the need to have agricultural insurance to safeguard their investments since agriculture is a risky business.

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Pages: 223-239

Cite this Article: VIHI, S. K ., TOR, L.G. ,JESSE B ., DALLA A.A. , OWA, G.T. SHEKARAU, T. , SADIKU, Y , "ANALYSIS OF POULTRY FARMERS' PARTICIPATION IN NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE SCHEME IN JOS SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 223-239 #JAEES

Authors: OMINIKARI, ABRAHAM G. AGBAREVO, MACHIADIKWE N

Abstracts: The study assessed benefits of Niger Delta Development Commission Cassava Project on participants' livelihood activities in Bayelsa State. Objectives that guided the study were participants' level of participation inNiger Delta Development Commission(NDDC) cassava project and the relationship between the benefits of NDDC cassava project participation and the livelihood activities of participants in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 150 farmers that participated for the study. Primary data were collectedusing structured questionnaire and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as three (3) point Likert type scale, and inferential statistics such as simple regression model. The findings showed that farmers participated actively in training of all the activities such as adequate and timely supply agro-chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers etc.) 2.1, access to improved planting materials (stem) 2.2, provision of essential farm implements' (hoes, cutlass, spade etc.) 2.1, procurement of irrigation equipments (pumps, pipes etc.) 2.1, training on modern farming techniques on cassava 2.3, advisory services on cassava farm enterprises 2.4, provision of loans/credits 2.3, marketing of produce 2.6, income for my enterprise 2.7, procurement of agro-processing 2.9, infrastructural facilities2.7, acquisition of farm management skills 2.9, and availability of food for my household 2.7. The regression coefficient of the benefits of NDDC cassava project participation was positive and significant at 1% level.The Hypothesis showed that the computed F-ratio of 106.724 was significant at 1% level, implying that it is higher than the critical F value at 1% significant level, the null hypothesis is therefore rejected and accepted the alternative hypothesis, concluding that level of participation significantly influenced the benefits derived in participating in NDDC cassava project in Bayelsa State. The study concludes that farmers actively participated and benefited from the project, the study therefore recommends that the entire project be extend to other States that are under NDDC in other to improve the living standard of rural dwellers.

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Pages: 240-251

Cite this Article: OMINIKARI, ABRAHAM G. AGBAREVO, MACHIADIKWE N , "ASSESSMENT OF BENEFITS OF NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION CASSAVA PROJECT ON PARTICIPNTS' LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Science (JAEES), http://www.JAEES.org/online-papers-publishing/new/September2021, Volume 7 - Issue 3, September 2021 Edition, 240-251 #JAEES